大气与海洋物理
Atmospheric clouds exhibit complex three-dimensional structure and microphysical details that are poorly constrained by the predominantly two-dimensional satellite observations available at global scales. This mismatch complicates…
To study how geometrical shape affect the light scattering properties for an ensemble of randomly orientated particles, the single scattering matrices including complete polarization information are calculated statistically for a group of…
Based on the convex hull construction algorithm, a new geometrical model of ice crystals is proposed to investigate the scattering properties of cirrus clouds particles. Light scattering matrices involving complete polarization information…
The practical use of future climate projections from global circulation models (GCMs) is often limited by their coarse spatial resolution, requiring downscaling to generate high-resolution data. Regional climate models (RCMs) provide this…
To elucidate how land surface state and soil moisture dynamics regulate moist convection, and how convective rainfall subsequently reshapes surface and root-zone hydrology, we develop a stochastic dynamical model that couples soil moisture,…
Biomass burning aerosols (BBAs) from Southern Africa seasonally overlie the semi-permanent South-East Atlantic (SEA) stratocumulus deck, impacting the region's energy budget through complex aerosol-cloud-radiation-meteorology interactions.…
Operational ocean forecasting systems conventionally employ dynamical ocean models driven by atmospheric forcing derived from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning…
This study explores a physics-data driven hybrid approach for sea-ice column physics models, in which a machine learning (ML) component acts as a state-dependent parameterization of forecast errors. We examine how perturbations in snow…
The power sector is a major source of fossil fuel use and air pollutant emissions, making high-spatiotemporal-resolution emission accounting essential for effective mitigation policy and air quality management. Yet existing public…
Due to limited computational resources, medium-range temperature forecasts typically rely on low-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, which are prone to systematic and random errors. We propose a method that integrates a…
Radiative effects of aerosol-cloud interactions constitute the most uncertain climate forcing of the Earth system, making it important to understand how they may change with climate. We conduct 3-day-long large-eddy simulations of a…
We present an explicit and exact solution to the governing equations describing the vertical structure of the Arctic Ocean region centred around the North Pole. The solution describes a stratified water column with three constant-density…
The goal of ensemble forecasting is to maximise sharpness subject to reliability. Marginal reliability means that, over all cases, the ensemble is statistically consistent with reality: the ensemble mean is unbiased, the expected ensemble…
Monitoring the dynamics of global land-ocean cover is fundamental for regulating the Earth's climate and sustaining terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, existing datasets and research often exhibit limitations in temporal resolution…
In this study, we improve a neural network (NN) parameterization of deep convection in the global atmosphere model ARP-GEM. To take into account the sporadic nature of convection, we develop a NN parameterization that includes a triggering…
Marine low clouds play a crucial role in Earth's radiation budget. These clouds efficiently reflect sunlight and drive the magnitude and sign of the global cloud feedback. Nevertheless, the evolution of shallow cloud decks over the last…
We simulate the dynamics of pelagic \emph{Sargassum} rafts as systems of finite-size floating particles, governed by a Maxey--Riley law with nonlinear elastic interactions. Using surface ocean currents and wind data from reanalysis systems…
Moist heatwaves and convective storms frequently co-occur, posing compound risks. Although historically concentrated in the tropics, these moist weather extremes are projected to intensify substantially towards the midlatitudes, with…
Stratospheric turbulence is difficult to observe, yet it strongly affects how momentum, trace gases, and aerosols spread through the atmosphere. Here, we use global high-resolution radiosonde observations from 370 stations during October…
Using the short-wavelength instability method, we investigate the linear instability of an exact solution describing upward-propagating mountain waves, derived in A. Constantin, \emph{J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.} (2023), under the assumption…