大气与海洋物理
Climate change refers to substantial long-term variations in weather patterns. In this work, we employ a Machine Learning (ML) technique, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm, to forecast the monthly average temperature for Brazilian's states…
Cloud cover plays a critical role in weather prediction and impacts several sectors, including agriculture, solar power generation, and aviation. Despite advancements in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, forecasting total cloud…
During the extreme winter storms of 2024-2025 at Aragats, natural gamma radiation (NGR) increased by more than 1000%, with fluence reaching 2*10^7 gammas/cm^2 over 10 hours and a corresponding dose of 3.26 mSv, 120 times higher than normal…
As climate change increases the threat of weather-related disasters, research on weather control is gaining importance. The objective of weather control is to mitigate disaster risks by administering interventions with optimal timing,…
Urban areas are major sources of methane due to population needs for landfills, natural gas distribution, wastewater treatment, and residential combustion. Here we apply an inversion of TROPOMI satellite observations of atmospheric methane…
Compact autonomous marine vehicles, both surface and submersible, are now commonly used to conduct observations of ocean velocities using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs). However, in the inevitable presence of surface waves, ADCP…
Mesoscale eddies dominate the spatiotemporal multiscale variability of the ocean, and their impact on the energy cascade of the global ocean cannot be ignored. Eddy-resolving ocean forecasting is providing more reliable protection for…
Predicting gray swan weather extremes, which are possible but so rare that they are absent from the training dataset, is a major concern for AI weather models and long-term climate emulators. An important open question is whether AI models…
In warmer climates, cities face the prospect of higher air temperatures in summer compared to historical averages due to the urban heat island effect. An approach intended to address this problem is the application of "cool pavement"…
This paper presents a method developed using techniques from extreme value theory to estimate smooth wind-speed percentiles, allowing us to consider more extreme wind speeds while being less sensitive to the noise that stems from the…
Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental physical parameter characterising the thermal state of sea surface. Due to the intricate thermal interactions between land, sea, and atmosphere, the spatial gradients of SST in coastal waters…
The ice shelves buttressing the Antarctic ice sheet determine the rate of ice-discharge into the surrounding oceans. The geometry of ice shelves, and hence their buttressing strength, is determined by ice flow as well as by the local…
The optimal fingerprint method serves as a potent approach for detecting and attributing climate change. However, its experimental validation encounters challenges due to the intricate nature of climate systems. Here, we experimentally…
This article presents a new algorithm, the Hyperbolic and Elliptic Points Tracking Algorithm (HEPTA), designed for automated tracking of elliptic and hyperbolic stationary points in two-dimensional non-stationary velocity fields defined on…
Understanding future changes in temperature variability and extremes is an important scientific challenge with societal impacts. Here the responses of daily near-surface temperature distributions to climate warming is explored using an…
Despite the remarkable strides made by AI-driven models in modern precipitation forecasting, these black-box models cannot inherently deepen the comprehension of underlying mechanisms. To address this limitation, we propose an AI-driven…
Recent advances in data assimilation (DA) have focused on developing more flexible approaches that can better accommodate nonlinearities in models and observations. However, it remains unclear how the performance of these advanced methods…
The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and associated monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) influence the billions of people living in the Indian subcontinent. This study explores the role of autoconversion parameterization in microphysical…
Visible (VIS) imagery is important for monitoring Tropical Cyclones (TCs) but is unavailable at night. This study presents a Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CGAN) model to generate nighttime VIS imagery with significantly…
Aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) pose the largest uncertainty for climate projections. Among many challenges of understanding ACI, the question of whether ACI is deterministic or stochastic has not been explicitly formulated and asked. Here…