大气与海洋物理

Charging of upper and lower horizontal boundaries of extensive layer clouds results from current flow in the global electric circuit. Layer-cloud charge accumulation has previously been considered a solely electrostatic phenomenon, but it…

Despite marked progress over the past several decades, convective storm nowcasting remains a challenge because most nowcasting systems are based on linear extrapolation of radar reflectivity without much consideration for other…

Using a South Pole ice core covering the last ~2050 years we present a high-resolution (4-27 samples/year), continuous record of natural and anthropogenic arsenic (As) deposition. Our results show that volcanic emissions (notably from Mt.…

This document describes in detail a new hybrid ensemble-variational algorithm that generalizes existing ensemble or variational data assimilation approaches and would enable joint state/parameter estimations in ECMWF's Integrated…

Targeted ultra-high resolution Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of an ice core drilled in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia (CA) records changes in seasonal patterns of atmospheric…

We employ the framework of the Koopman operator and dynamic mode decomposition to devise a computationally cheap and easily implementable method to detect transient dynamics and regime changes in time series. We argue that typically…

General circulation models (GCMs) typically have a grid size of 25--200 km. Parametrizations are used to represent diabatic processes such as radiative transfer and cloud microphysics and account for sub-grid-scale motions and variability.…

Numerical wave models can output partitioned wave parameters at each grid point using a spectral partitioning technique. Because these wave partitions are usually organized according to the magnitude of their wave energy without considering…

Understanding local currents in the North Atlantic region of the ocean is a key part of modelling heat transfer and global climate patterns. Satellites provide a surface signature of the temperature of the ocean with a high horizontal…

A new grid system on a sphere is proposed that allows for straight-forward implementation of both spherical-harmonics-based spectral methods and gridpoint-based multigrid methods. The latitudinal gridpoints in the new grid are equidistant…

The spindown of a geostrophically balanced density front in an upper-ocean mixed layer is simulated with a large eddy simulation (LES) model that resolves O(1000) m down to O(1) m scale. Our goal is to examine the interaction between the…

The micro-spectrometer Argus 1000 being in space continuously monitors the sources and sinks of the trace gases. It is commonly believed that among other gases $\text{CO}_\text{2}$ is the major contributor causing the greenhouse effect.…

In this paper we present an analysis of the geological, meteorological and climatic data recorded in Pieve a Nievole (PT) over 24 years and using this data for the establishment of the research structure called "PAN.R.C. - Pieve a Nievole…

The spatial non-uniformity of the electric field in air discharges, such as streamers, can influence the accuracy of spectroscopic diagnostic methods and hence the estimation of the peak electric field. In this work, we use a…

Though the Boltzmann-Gibbs framework of equilibrium statistical mechanics has been successful in many arenas, it is clearly inadequate for describing many interesting natural phenomena driven far from equilibrium. The simplest step towards…

Based on a dynamic systems approach to the Landau-Ginzburg model, a phase space description of the Earth System (ES) in the transition to the Anthropocene is presented. It is shown that, for a finite amount of human-driven change, there is…

The daily cycle of heating and cooling of the near-surface ocean may be quite different in a shallow lagoon with a few meters deep seafloor that can be heated directly by the sun. If important, the solar radiation will affect the local…

Density is one of the most important properties of seawater and is used in various marine research and technology. Traditionally, in the practice of oceanographic research, it is customary to con-sider density as a dependent parameter,…

A framework for the study of surface ocean inertial particle motion is built from the Maxey--Riley set. A new set is obtained by vertically averaging each term of the original set, adapted to account for Earth's rotation effects, across the…

We use a simple, semi-analytic, column model to better understand the meridional structure of the tropopause height and the future changes in its height and temperature associated with global warming. The model allows us to separate the…