大气与海洋物理

Here we evaluate the sea ice, surface air temperature, and sea-level-pressure from 31 of the models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) for their biases, trends, and variability, and compare them to the CMIP5…

The transport by materially coherent eddies is studied in a two-layer quasigeostrophic model of geophysical turbulence. The coherent eddies are identified by closed contours of the Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation obtained from…

De Graaf et al. (2019) suggest that groundwater pumping will bring 42--79\% of worldwide watersheds close to environmental exhaustion by 2050. We are skeptical of these figures due to several non-unique assumptions behind the calculation of…

Storm trainings, consisting of line-shaped aggregates of cumulonimbi, bring persistent local heavy rains, often causing devastating floods and landslides. Weather control techniques could in theory help prevent such disasters, but so far…

Solar irradiance is the primary input for all solar energy generation systems. The amount of available solar radiation over time under the local weather conditions helps to decide the optimal location, technology and size of a solar energy…

We analyse the time series of solar irradiance measurements using chaos theory. The False Nearest Neighbour method (FNN), one of the most common methods of chaotic analysis is used for the analysis. One year data from the weather station…

The daily cloud cycle (DCC) and its response to global warming are critical to the Earth's energy budget, but their radiative effects have not been systematically quantified. Toward this goal, here we analyze the radiation at the top of the…

Forecasting the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been a subject of vigorous research due to the important role of the phenomenon in climate dynamics and its worldwide socioeconomic impacts. Over the past decades, numerous models for…

We propose a super-resolution (SR) simulation system that consists of a physics-based meteorological simulation and an SR method based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN is trained using pairs of high-resolution (HR) and…

The theory of similarity for wind-driven seas is applied to the physical analysis of the problem of sea state bias (SSB) in altimetry measurements. Dimensionless wave steepness and pseudo-age derived from altimetry measurements are expected…

The Advanced Research WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model is a popular atmospheric model used for research and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). However, despite its popularity, its set-up and configuration often demand several…

Different to classical theories which emphasize east--west feedback along the equator, data analyses via the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) method support a new viewpoint that the El Ni\~{n}o--Southern Oscillation (ENSO)…

The relation between El Ni\~{n}o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) perplexes the researchers. Probably, this is due to the default choice on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method whose outputs are merely…

The modeling of wave breaking dissipation in coastal areas is investigated with a fully nonlinear and dispersive wave model. The wave propagation model is based on potential flow theory, which initially assumes non-overturning waves.…

Dangerous large wave put the coastal communities and vessels operating under threats and wave predictions are strongly needed for early warnings. While numerical wave models, such as WAVEWATCH III (WW3), are useful to provide spatially…

"Eddy saturation" is the regime in which the total time-mean volume transport of an oceanic current is relatively insensitive to the wind stress forcing and is often invoked as a dynamical description of Southern Ocean circulation. We…

The core properties of the wave climate and its changes in the Caspian Sea are established in terms of the annual mean significant wave height and its regional changes in 2002-2013 based on the outcome of the satellite altimetry mission…

Empirical spectra for mechanical and wind waves measured in a large tank of the First Institute of Oceanography of China are presented. Analysis for the first and the second type of waves is done separately. It is shown that, in the case of…

One of the most pressing questions in climate science is that of the effect of anthropogenic aerosol on the Earth's energy balance. Aerosols provide the `seeds' on which cloud droplets form, and changes in the amount of aerosol available to…

This paper is the second part of a previous paper (Marquet, 2019) dealing with the need to define the entropy with an absolute way, by using the third law of thermodynamics. In this second part it is shown that there is a need and interest…