大气与海洋物理
This article describes the third law of thermodynamics. This law is often poorly known and is often decried, or even considered optional and irrelevant to describe weather and climate phenomena. This, however, is inaccurate and contrary to…
This study presents a new formulation for the norms and scalar products used in tangent linear or adjoint models to determine forecast errors and sensitivity to observations and to calculate singular vectors. The new norm is derived from…
Worldwide exposure to fine atmospheric particles can exasperate the risk of a wide range of heart and respiratory diseases, due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and blood streams. Epidemiological studies in Europe and…
The mesoscale eddy field plays a key role in the mixing and transport of physical and biological properties and redistribute energy budgets in the ocean. Eddy kinetic energy is commonly defined as the kinetic energy of the time-varying…
The extent to which the ongoing decline in Arctic sea ice affects mid-latitude climate has received great attention and polarised opinions. The basic issue is whether the inter-annual variability in Arctic sea ice is the cause of, or the…
The end-Permian mass extinction is the most severe known from the fossil record. The most likely cause is massive volcanic activity associated with the formation of the Permo-Triassic Siberian flood basalts. A proposed mechanism for…
The forecast of Indian monsoon droughts has been predicated on the notion of a season-long rainfall deficit linked to warm anomalies in the equatorial Pacific. Here, we show that in fact nearly half of all droughts over the past century…
Flooding due to Hurricane Florence led to billions of dollars in damage and nearly a hundred deaths in North Carolina. These damages and fatalities can be avoided with proper prevention and preparation. Modelling such flooding events can…
The comparative analysis of output from multiple models, and against observational data analysis archives, has become a key methodology in reducing uncertainty in climate projections, and in improving forecast skill of medium- and long-term…
Sublimation of drifting snow, which is significant for the balances of mass and energy of the polar ice sheet, is a complex physical process with intercoupling between ice crystals, wind field, temperature, and moisture. Here a…
The Arctic has warmed dramatically compared to the global average over the last few decades. During this same period, there have been strong cooling trends observed in the wintertime, near-surface air temperature over central Eurasia, a…
Emanuel's concept of Maximum Potential Intensity (E-PI) relates the maximum velocity $V_{\rm max}$ of tropical storms, assumed to be in gradient wind balance, to environmental parameters. Several studies suggested that the unbalanced flow…
The quantitative description of marine systems is constrained by a major issue of scale separation: most marine biochemical processes occur at sub-centimeter scales, while the contribution to the Earth's biogeochemical cycles is expressed…
This is simply a long list of papers that I have found useful. They are generally related to aspects of the search for evidence that the Sun influences the climate somehow. There are papers on Data, on Methods and papers that just discuss…
Calculations of entropy fluxes and production rate have been evaluated with some success to study atmospheric processes. However, recurring questions arise as to how best to take into account entropy flux due to radiation, for example. This…
We examine how coupling functions in the theory of dynamical systems provide a quantitative window into climate dynamics. Previously we have shown that a one-dimensional periodic non-autonomous stochastic dynamical system can simulate the…
There is a growing interest in the climate community to improve the prediction of high impact climate events, for instance ENSO (El-Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation) or extreme events, using a combination of model and observation data. In this…
A formal averaging procedure over the air-sea interface is developed for both momentum and enthalpy surface-transfer coefficients, C_D and C_K, in hurricane conditions. This leads to splitting of both the transfer coefficients across the…
In this work we present the first parameterizations of the global occurrence rate and chemical influence of Blue Jets, a type of Transient Luminous Event (TLE) taking place in the stratospheric region above thunderclouds. These…
In this work, we develop two spectroscopic diagnostic methods to derive the peak reduced electric field in Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) from their optical signals. These methods could be used to analyze the optical signature of TLEs…