English

The structure of a tridiagonal pair

Rings and Algebras 2008-02-11 v1 Combinatorics

Abstract

Let KK denote a field and let VV denote a vector space over KK with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of linear transformations A:VVA:V \to V and A:VVA^*:V \to V that satisfy the following conditions: (i) each of A,AA,A^* is diagonalizable; (ii) there exists an ordering {Vi}i=0d\{V_i\}_{i=0}^d of the eigenspaces of AA such that AViVi1+Vi+Vi+1A^* V_i \subseteq V_{i-1} + V_i + V_{i+1} for 0id0 \leq i \leq d, where V1=0V_{-1}=0 and Vd+1=0V_{d+1}=0; (iii) there exists an ordering {Vi}i=0δ\{V^*_i\}_{i=0}^\delta of the eigenspaces of AA^* such that AViVi1+Vi+Vi+1A V^*_i \subseteq V^*_{i-1} + V^*_i + V^*_{i+1} for 0iδ0 \leq i \leq \delta, where V1=0V^*_{-1}=0 and Vδ+1=0V^*_{\delta+1}=0; (iv)there is no subspace WW of VV such that AWWAW \subseteq W, AWWA^* W \subseteq W, W0W \neq 0, WVW \neq V. We call such a pair a tridiagonal pair on VV. It is known that d=δd=\delta and for 0id0 \leq i \leq d the dimensions of Vi,Vdi,Vi,VdiV_i, V_{d-i}, V^*_i, V^*_{d-i} coincide. In this paper we show that the following (i)--(iv) hold provided that KK is algebraically closed: (i) Each of V0V_0, V0V^*_0, VdV_d, VdV^*_d has dimension 1. (ii) There exists a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form (,)(,) on VV such that (Au,v)=(u,Av)(Au,v)=(u,Av) and (Au,v)=(u,Av)(A^*u,v)=(u,A^*v) for all u,vVu,v \in V. (iii) There exists a unique anti-automorphism of End(V)End(V) that fixes each of A,AA,A^*. (iv) The pair A,AA,A^* is determined up to isomorphism by the data ({thi}i=0d;{thi}i=0d;{ζi}i=0d)(\{\th_i\}_{i=0}^d; \{\th^*_i\}_{i=0}^d; \{\zeta_i\}_{i=0}^d), where thi\th_i (resp. thi\th^*_i) is the eigenvalue of AA (resp. AA^*) on ViV_i (resp. ViV^*_i), and {ζi}i=0d\{\zeta_i\}_{i=0}^d is the split sequence of A,AA,A^* corresponding to {thi}i=0d\{\th_i\}_{i=0}^d and {thi}i=0d\{\th^*_i\}_{i=0}^d.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.0802.1096,
  title  = {The structure of a tridiagonal pair},
  author = {Kazumasa Nomura and Paul Terwilliger},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0802.1096},
  year   = {2008}
}

Comments

18 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-21T10:10:43.560Z