中文

Expander Evolution Algebras

环与代数 2026-05-14 v1 组合数学

摘要

We introduce \emph{expander evolution algebras} (EEAs), a class of nonassociative algebras defined over an arbitrary field \K\K in which the underlying undirected loopless graph of the algebra -- in the sense of Kowalski -- is an expander graph in the classical sense of Cheeger. Starting from the formal graph definition of Kowalski and the algebraic framework of Tian, we establish a dictionary between combinatorial expansion and algebraic structure: the Cheeger constant of the associated graph governs connectivity, the subalgebra lattice, the growth of the evolution sequence, and -- over R\R and \C\C -- the spectral gap of the evolution operator. Over a general field \K\K we prove that EEAs are always connected and simple (as evolution algebras), carry no proper large evolution subalgebras, and that every generator of a \emph{symmetric} EEA is algebraically persistent. Over \C\C we obtain the sharp Alon--Boppana lower bound for the second eigenvalue of the evolution operator, leading to the definition of \emph{Ramanujan evolution algebras} as optimal expanders. We also construct families of EEAs from Cayley graphs of finite groups. We close with open problems.

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引用

@article{arxiv.2605.12672,
  title  = {Expander Evolution Algebras},
  author = {Piero Giacomelli},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.12672},
  year   = {2026}
}