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Virtual reality (VR) offers the promise of an infinite office and remote collaboration, however, existing interactions in VR do not strongly support one of the most essential tasks for most knowledge workers, reading. This paper presents…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Geonsun Lee , Jennifer Healey , Dinesh Manocha

As head-mounted displays (HMDs) with eye-tracking become increasingly accessible, the need for effective gaze-based interfaces in virtual reality (VR) grows. Traditional gaze- or hand-based navigation often limits user precision or impairs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Mona Zavichi , André Santos , Catarina Moreira , Anderson Maciel , Joaquim Jorge

Despite steady progress, text entry in Extended Reality (XR) often remains slower and more effortful than typing on a physical keyboard or touchscreen. We explore a simple idea: use gaze to swipe through a virtual keyboard for the fast,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ziheng "Leo" Li , Xichen He , Mengyuan "Millie" Wu , Zeyi Tong , Haowen Wei , Benjamin Yang , Steven Feiner , Paul Sajda

Latest gaze estimation methods require large-scale training data but their collection and exchange pose significant privacy risks. We propose PrivatEyes - the first privacy-enhancing training approach for appearance-based gaze estimation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Mayar Elfares , Pascal Reisert , Zhiming Hu , Wenwu Tang , Ralf Küsters , Andreas Bulling

Purpose of the research: In the biometric community, visible human characteristics are popular and viable for verification and identification on mobile devices. However, imposters are able to spoof such characteristics by creating fake and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Jalil Nourmohammadi Khiarak

Medical eye-tracking data is an important information source for understanding how radiologists visually interpret medical images. This information not only improves the accuracy of deep learning models for X-ray analysis but also their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Trong Thang Pham , Tien-Phat Nguyen , Yuki Ikebe , Akash Awasthi , Zhigang Deng , Carol C. Wu , Hien Nguyen , Ngan Le

Virtual Reality (VR) has been a beneficial training tool in fields such as advanced manufacturing. However, users may experience a high cognitive load due to various factors, such as the use of VR hardware or tasks within the VR…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Mahsa Nasri , Mehmet Kosa , Leanne Chukoskie , Mohsen Moghaddam , Casper Harteveld

This study evaluates a smartphone-based, deep-learning eye-tracking algorithm by comparing its performance against a commercial infrared-based eye tracker, the Tobii Pro Nano. The aim is to investigate the feasibility of appearance-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Nishan Gunawardena , Gough Yumu Lui , Bahman Javadi , Jeewani Anupama Ginige

With eye tracking being increasingly integrated into virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) head-mounted displays, preserving users' privacy is an ever more important, yet under-explored, topic in the eye tracking community. We report a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Julian Steil , Inken Hagestedt , Michael Xuelin Huang , Andreas Bulling

We address the challenge of unsupervised mistake detection in egocentric video of skilled human activities through the analysis of gaze signals. While traditional methods rely on manually labeled mistakes, our approach does not require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Michele Mazzamuto , Antonino Furnari , Yoichi Sato , Giovanni Maria Farinella

Today's virtual reality (VR) systems provide immersive interactions that seamlessly connect users with online services and one another. However, these immersive interfaces also introduce new vulnerabilities, making it easier for users to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Zhuolin Yang , Cathy Yuanchen Li , Arman Bhalla , Ben Y. Zhao , Haitao Zheng

An increasing number of works explore collaborative human-computer systems in which human gaze is used to enhance computer vision systems. For object detection these efforts were so far restricted to late integration approaches that have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-05-22 Iaroslav Shcherbatyi , Andreas Bulling , Mario Fritz

Smartphones with large screens provide users with increased display and interaction space but pose challenges in reaching certain areas with the thumb when using the device with one hand. To address this, we introduce GazeSwipe, a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Zhuojiang Cai , Jingkai Hong , Zhimin Wang , Feng Lu

The synergy between virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI), specifically deep learning (DL)-based cybersickness detection models, has ushered in unprecedented advancements in immersive experiences by automatically detecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Ripan Kumar Kundu , Matthew Denton , Genova Mongalo , Prasad Calyam , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

Gaze and face tracking algorithms have traditionally battled a compromise between computational complexity and accuracy; the most accurate neural net algorithms cannot be implemented in real time, but less complex real-time algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-21 George He , Sami Oueida , Tucker Ward

Mixed Reality (MR) systems capture continuous video streams that expose bystanders' and collaborators' gait patterns -- a biometric revealing sensitive attributes including age, gender, and health conditions. We show that video-based gait…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Diana Romero , Athina Markopoulou , Salma Elmalaki

Virtual reality (VR) has recently proliferated significantly, consisting of headsets or head-mounted displays (HMDs) and hand controllers for an embodied and immersive experience. The VR device is usually embedded with different kinds of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Wei Sun , Minghong Fang , Mengyuan Li

Algorithms for the estimation of gaze direction from mobile and video-based eye trackers typically involve tracking a feature of the eye that moves through the eye camera image in a way that covaries with the shifting gaze direction, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Kevin Barkevich , Reynold Bailey , Gabriel J. Diaz

From scientific research to commercial applications, eye tracking is an important tool across many domains. Despite its range of applications, eye tracking has yet to become a pervasive technology. We believe that we can put the power of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Kyle Krafka , Aditya Khosla , Petr Kellnhofer , Harini Kannan , Suchendra Bhandarkar , Wojciech Matusik , Antonio Torralba

Over the past decade, AR/VR devices have drastically changed how we interact with the digital world. Users often share sensitive information, such as their location, browsing history, and even financial data, within third-party apps…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Seonghun Son , Chandrika Mukherjee , Reham Mohamed Aburas , Berk Gulmezoglu , Z. Berkay Celik