相关论文: Statistical uncertainty in quantum optical photode…

In quantum physics, all measured observables are subject to statistical uncertainties, which arise from the quantum nature as well as the experimental technique. We consider the statistical uncertainty of the so-called sampling method, in…

In this thesis we present a direct scheme for measuring quasidistribution functions of light. This scheme, based on photon counting, is derived from a simple relation linking the Wigner function with photon statistics. We develop a full…

We study the problem of determining the photon number statistics of an unknown quantum state by simultaneously measuring conjugate quadratures with double homodyne detectors. Classically, the sum of the squared outputs of the two homodyne…

Why do we need quantization to describe vision? What are the quadrature operators of the electromagnetic field? Is it possible to measure them? What are the characteristic functions useful for? In this brief tutorial we provide the…

Reconstruction of photon statistics of optical states provide fundamental information on the nature of any optical field and find various relevant applications. Nevertheless, no detector that can reliably discriminate the number of incident…

The representation of quantum states via phase-space functions constitutes an intuitive technique to characterize light. However, the reconstruction of such distributions is challenging as it demands specific types of detectors and detailed…

We consider the statistical properties of photon detection with imperfect detectors that exhibit dark counts and less than unit efficiency, in the context of tomographic reconstruction. In this context, the detectors are used to implement…

We study the accuracy of determining the phase space quasidistribution of a single quantized light mode by a photon counting experiment. We derive an exact analytical formula for the error of the experimental outcome. This result provides…

The quantum state of a light beam can be represented as an infinite dimensional density matrix or equivalently as a density on the plane called the Wigner function. We describe quantum tomography as an inverse statistical problem in which…

After a derivation of the quantum Bayes theorem, and a discussion of the reconstruction of the unknown state of identical spin systems by repeated measurements, the main part of this paper treats the problem of determining the unknown phase…

We review experimental work on the measurement of the quantum state of optical fields, and the relevant theoretical background. The basic technique of optical homodyne tomography is described with particular attention paid to the role…

Observations or measurements taken of a quantum system (a small number of fundamental particles) are inherently random. If the state of the system depends on unknown parameters, then the distribution of the outcome depends on these…

We investigate fundamental bounds on the ability to determine photon number distribution and other related quantities from tomographically incomplete measurements with an array of M detectors that can only distinguish the absence or…

The review of star-product formalism providing the possibility to describe quantum states and quantum observables by means of the functions called symbols of operators which are obtained by means of bijective maps of the operators acting in…

Quantum metrology uses small changes in the output probabilities of a quantum measurement to estimate the magnitude of a weak interaction with the system. The sensitivity of this procedure depends on the relation between the input state,…

In the standard homodyne configuration, an unknown optical state is combined with a local oscillator (LO) on a beam splitter (BS). Good quadrature measurements require a high-amplitude LO and two high-efficiency photodiodes whose signals…

The nonnegativity of the density operator of a state is faithfully coded in its Wigner distribution, and this places constraints on the moments of the Wigner distribution. These constraints are presented in a canonically invariant form…

In this article we introduce a quasiprobability distribution of work that is based on the Wigner function. This construction rests on the idea that the work done on an isolated system can be coherently measured by coupling the system to a…

We propose an experiment demonstrating the nonlocality of a quantum singlet-like state generated from a single photon incident on a beam splitter. Each of the two spatially separated apparatuses in the setup performs a strongly unbalanced…

Characterising the input-output photon-number distribution of an unknown optical quantum channel is an important task for many applications in quantum information processing. Ideally, this would require deterministic photon-number sources…