相关论文: Pre- and post-selection, weak values, and contextu…

Uncertainty principle is one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. Exploring such uncertainty relations in pre- and postselected (PPS) systems, where weak measurements on post-selected states have been used as a powerful tool…

It is shown that the Bell inequalities are closely related to the triangle inequalities involving distance functions amongst pairs of random variables with values $\left\{ 0,1\right\} $. A hidden variables model may be defined as a mapping…

The outcome of a weak quantum measurement conditioned to a subsequent postselection (a weak value protocol) can assume peculiar values. These results cannot be explained in terms of conditional probabilistic outcomes of projective…

We consider an ontology, in which contextual nonlocal hidden variables are stored as pre-existing possibilities in a repository outside space-time; and in which the context can be chosen ``freely'' (measurement independence) by each agent,…

We show that contextual hidden variables including the effect of the measuring devices can be backward-propagated by means of the Green's function to initial Cauchy hidden data. If this data is uncorrelated in spacelike-disjoint sets, the…

Quantum theory departs from classical probabilistic theories in foundational ways. These departures--termed quantumness here--power quantum information and computation. This thesis charts the role of discrete structures in assessing…

Causal Modeling Semantics (CMS, e.g., Galles and Pearl 1998; Pearl 2000; Halpern 2000) is a powerful framework for evaluating counterfactuals whose antecedent is a conjunction of atomic formulas. We extend CMS to an evaluation of the…

The quantum fluctuations of a physical property can be observed in the measurement statistics of any measurement that is at least partially sensitive to that physical property. Quantum theory indicates that the effective distribution of…

Weak measurements have an increasing number of applications in contemporary quantum mechanics. They were originally described as a weak interaction that slightly entangled the translational degrees of freedom of a particle to its spin,…

The noncontextual hidden variables models in $d=2$, such as the ones constructed by Bell and by Kochen and Specker, have difficulties in accounting for the conditional measurement of two non-orthogonal projectors. An idea of branching in…

We describe a mathematical language for determining all possible patterns of contextuality in the dependence of stochastic outputs of a system on its deterministic inputs. The central notion is that of all possible couplings for…

The contextuality of quantum mechanics, i.e. the measurement outcome dependence upon previously made measurements, can be shown by the violation of inequalities based on measurements of well chosen observables. An important property of such…

The fields of quantum non-locality in physics, and causal discovery in machine learning, both face the problem of deciding whether observed data is compatible with a presumed causal relationship between the variables (for example a local…

Weak measurement of a quantum system followed by postselection based on a subsequent strong measurement gives rise to a quantity called the weak value: a complex number for which the interpretation has long been debated. We analyse the…

In a noncontextual hidden variable model of quantum theory, hidden variables determine the outcomes of every measurement in a manner that is independent of how the measurement is implemented. Using a generalization of this notion to…

Generalized contextuality is a possible indicator of non-classical behaviour in quantum information theory. In finite-dimensional systems, this is justified by the fact that noncontextual theories can be embedded into some simplex, i.e.…

Semantic relevance metrics can capture both the inherent semantics of individual objects and their relationships to other elements within a visual scene. Numerous previous research has demonstrated that these metrics can influence human…

Quantum contextuality provides a fundamental signature of nonclassical behavior that cannot be explained by noncontextual hidden-variable models. We propose and experimentally implement a linear-optical setup for demonstrating…

To describe the pre- and post-selected quantum ensembles, a complex quantity called the weak value of an operator is used. The weak value is highly controversial due to the fact that it is not bounded by the possible eigenvalues of the…

Contextuality is a key signature of quantum non-classicality, which has been shown to play a central role in enabling quantum advantage for a wide range of information-processing and computational tasks. We study the logic of contextuality…