相关论文: Complementarity, measurement and information in in…
A technique complementary to those for spectral lines is proposed for the observation of continuum radiation. As, quantum mechanically, the radiation is a mixture of pure states, it should be possible to measure the temporal coherence of…
We present the first experimental demonstration of the maximum confidence measurement strategy for quantum state discrimination. Applying this strategy to an arbitrary set of states assigns to each input state a measurement outcome which,…
A which-way device is one which is designed to detect which of 2 paths is taken by a quantum particle, whether Schr\"odinger's cat is dead or alive. One possible such device is represented by an Aharonov-Bohm ring with a quantum dot on one…
Young's double slit experiment has often been used to illustrate the concept of complementarity in quantum mechanics. If information can in principle be obtained about the path of the photon, then the visibility of the interference fringes…
We provide an operational reinterpretation of wave-particle complementarity in the low-gain Zou-Wang-Mandel (ZWM) induced-coherence interferometer. In the low gain limit, each photon pair is emitted by either one of two nonlinear crystals.…
A method is discussed that allows combining sets of differential or inclusive measurements. It is assumed that at least one measurement was obtained with simultaneously fitting a set of nuisance parameters, representing sources of…
Quantum information theory sets the ultimate limits for any information-processing task. In rangefinding and LIDAR, the presence or absence of a target can be tested by detecting different states at the receiver. In this Letter, we use…
We introduce an interference measure which allows to quantify the amount of interference present in any physical process that maps an initial density matrix to a final density matrix. In particular, the interference measure enables one to…
One of the basic lessons of quantum theory is that one cannot obtain information on an unknown quantum state without disturbing it. Hence, by performing a certain measurement, we limit the other possible measurements that can be effectively…
Inserting a lossy dielectric into one arm of an interference experiment acts in many ways like a measurement. If two entangled photons are passed through the interferometer, a certain amount of information is gained about which path they…
To maximize average information gain for a classical measurement, all outcomes of an observation must be equally likely. The condition of equally likely outcomes may be enforced in quantum theory by ensuring that one's state $\rho$ is…
We derive the optimal N-photon two-mode input state for obtaining an estimate \phi of the phase difference between two arms of an interferometer. For an optimal measurement [B. C. Sanders and G. J. Milburn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2944…
In the general theory of quantum measurement, one associates a positive semidefinite operator on a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space to each of the $n$ possible outcomes of an arbitrary measurement. In the special case of a projective…
The quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound for the joint estimation of the centroid and the separation between two incoherent point sources cannot be saturated. As such, the optimal measurements for extracting maximal information about both at the same…
An analysis of quantum measurement is presented that relies on an information-theoretic description of quantum entanglement. In a consistent quantum information theory of entanglement, entropies (uncertainties) conditional on measurement…
How well can multiple incompatible observables be implemented by a single measurement? This is a fundamental problem in quantum mechanics with wide implications for the performance optimization of numerous tasks in quantum information…
Enhancing the precision of a measurement requires maximizing the information that can be gained about the quantity of interest from probing a system. For optical based measurements, such an enhancement can be achieved through two…
The accuracy of a measurement of the spin direction of a spin-s particle is characterised, for arbitrary half-integral s. The disturbance caused by the measurement is also characterised. The approach is based on that taken in several…
Quantum metrology protocols are typically designed around the assumption that we have an abundance of measurement data, but recent practical applications are increasingly driving interest in cases with very limited data. In this regime the…
Bayesian optimal experimental design provides a principled framework for selecting experimental settings that maximize obtained information. In this work, we focus on estimating the expected information gain in the setting where the…