相关论文: Periodical cicadas: a minimal automaton model

We investigate by means of a simple theoretical model the emergence of prime numbers as life cycles, as those seen for some species of cicadas. The cicadas, more precisely, the Magicicadas spend most of their lives below the ground and then…

This paper focuses on a mathematical model interpreting the prime number life cycle of periodical cicadas.Changed the viewpoint to predators rather than the prey,this model fits reality very well by utilizing some principles and…

In addition to their unusually long life cycle, periodical cicadas, {\it Magicicada} spp., provide an exceptional example of spatially synchronized life stage phenology in nature. Within regions ("broods") spanning 50,000 to 500,000 km$^2$,…

Real-world examples of periods of periodical organisms range from cicadas whose life-cycles are larger prime numbers, like 13 or 17, to bamboos whose periods are large multiples of small primes, like 40 or even 120. The periodicity is…

Certain periodical cicadas exhibit life cycles with durations of 13 or 17 years, and it is now generally accepted that such large prime numbers arise evolutionarily to avoid synchrony with predators. Less well explored is the question of…

We study a lattice model of a multi-species prey-predator system. Numerical results show that for a small mutation rate the model develops irregular long-period oscillatory behavior with sizeable changes in a number of species. The…

Motivated by the cyclic pattern of reproductive regimes observed in some species of green flies (``{\it aphids}''), we simulate the evolution of a population enduring harsh seasonal conditions for survival. The reproductive regime of each…

The problem of the hierarchy of lifetimes of charmed hadrons is reviewed. The QCD-based theory of preasymptotic effects in inclusive weak decays dating back to the beginning of the eighties is now entering its mature phase. Combining recent…

In formal languages and automata theory, the magic number problem can be formulated as follows: for a given integer n, is it possible to find a number d in the range [n,2^n] such that there is no minimal deterministic finite automaton with…

Due to recent advances in synthetic biology and artificial life, the origin of life is currently a hot topic of research. We review the literature and argue that the two traditionally competing "replicator-first" and "metabolism-first"…

I study a population model in which the reproduction rate lambda is inherited with mutation, favoring fast reproducers in the short term, but conflicting with a process that eliminates agglomerations of individuals. The model is a variant…

We report a rigorous theory to show the origin of the unexpected periodic behavior seen in the consecutive differences between prime numbers. We also check numerically our findings to ensure that they hold for finite sequences of primes,…

Cyclic predator-prey models with four or six species are studied on a square lattice when the invasion rates are varied. It is found that the cyclic invasions maintain a self-organizing pattern as long as the deviation of the invasion…

Statistical physics can describe the behavior of microbial populations consisting of many heterogeneous individuals. A direct consequence is the existence of phase transitions, where the behavior of a population changes discontinuously upon…

The periodic swarming of bacteria is one of the simplest examples for pattern formation produced by the self-organized collective behavior of a large number of organisms. In the spectacular colonies of Proteus mirabilis (the most common…

We rigorously prove a form of disorder-resistance for a class of one-dimensional cellular automaton rules, including some that arise as boundary dynamics of two-dimensional solidification rules. Specifically, when started from a random…

Lotka's seminal work (A.J. Lotka A., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 6 (1920) 410) "on certain rhythmic relations'' is already one hundred years old, but the research activity about pattern formations due to cyclical dominance is more vibrant…

Following extensive numerical experiments, it has been suggested that the evolution of competing computer programs in artificial life simulations shows signs of being a self-organized critical process. The primary evidence for this claim…

Spatial many-species predator-prey systems have been shown to yield very rich space-time patterns. This observation begs the question whether there exist universal mechanisms for generating this type of emerging complex patterns in…

While periodic responses of periodically forced dissipative nonlinear mechanical systems are commonly observed in experiments and numerics, their existence can rarely be concluded in rigorous mathematical terms. This lack of a priori…