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Ptychography involves a sample being illuminated by a coherent, localised probe of illumination. When the probe interacts with the sample, the light is diffracted and a diffraction pattern is detected. Then the probe or sample is shifted…
Live cell imaging using metallic nanoparticles as tags is an emerging technique to visualize long and highly dynamic processes due to the lack of photobleaching and high photon rate. However, the lack of excited states as compared to…
We report the design and construction of a novel soft x-ray diffractometer installed at Diamond Light Source. The beamline endstation RASOR is constructed for general users and designed primarily for the study of single crystal diffraction…
Coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation produced by table-top high-harmonic generation (HHG) sources provides a wealth of possibilities in research areas ranging from attosecond physics to high resolution coherent imaging. However, it…
Confocal microscopy of fluorescent labeled particles has been used to study the dynamical and structural properties of colloidal and granular matter in real space. Localization algorithms allow for a fully automatized determination of the…
Computational micromechanics and homogenization require the solution of the mechanical equilibrium of a periodic cell that comprises a (generally complex) microstructure. Techniques that apply the Fast Fourier Transform have attracted much…
We present two theorems describing analytic left-inverses of partial X-ray transforms. The first theorem concerns X-ray data collected with an arbitrary distribution of parallel projections; it contains a convolution-backprojection formula…
Fiber imaging bundles are widely used as thin, passive image conduits for miniaturised and endoscopic microscopy, particularly for confocal fluorescence imaging. Holographic microscopy through fiber bundles is more challenging; phase…
The nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT), a powerful tool in soliton theory and exactly solvable models, is a method for solving integrable partial differential equations governing wave propagation in certain nonlinear media. The NFT…
Holography is an established technique for measuring the wavefront of optical signals through interferometric combination with a reference wave. Conventionally the integration time of a hologram is limited by the interferometer coherence…
We experimentally demonstrate that pairs of time-delayed ultrabright and ultrashort X-ray pulses of two different colors, delivered by modern X-ray Free Electron Lasers, can provide two time-delayed snapshots of a sample. We introduce…
Optical tomographic reconstruction of a 3D nanoscale specimen is hindered by the axial diffraction limit, which is 2-3 times worse than the focal plane resolution. We propose and experimentally demonstrate an axial super-resolution…
Motivated by recent breakthrough studies of wave hyperbolicity in extremely anisotropic natural materials and artificial composites, we investigate the radiation pattern of a localized emitter in a hyperbolic medium. Since the emission of a…
Fourier light-field microscopy (FLFM) uses a micro-lens array (MLA) to segment the Fourier Plane of the microscopic objective lens to generate multiple two-dimensional perspective views, thereby reconstructing the three-dimensional(3D)…
Dark-field X-ray microscopy is a new full-field imaging technique that nondestructively maps the structure and local strain inside deeply embedded crystalline elements in three dimensions. Placing an objective lens in the diffracted beam…
In modern high-gain free-electron lasers, ultra-fast photon pulses designed for studying chemical, atomic and biological systems are generated from a serial of behaviors of high-brightness electron beam at the time-scale ranging from…
Fourier transforms are ubiquitous mathematical tools in basic and applied sciences. We here report classical and quantum optical realizations of the discrete fractional Fourier transform, a generalization of the Fourier transform. In the…
We propose a three-dimensional nonlinear diffusion method to implement the similar autofocusing function of multiple micro-objects and simultaneously remove the defocused images, which can distinguish the locations of certain sized…
To overcome the limit of diffraction while achieving the superresolution technique, solid immersion lenses are the key optical elements for data storage and nanophotonics applications. Recent demonstrations have shown how different…
Incoherently illuminated or luminescent objects give rise to a low-contrast speckle-like pattern when observed through a thin diffusive medium, as such a medium effectively convolves their shape with a speckle-like point spread function…