相关论文: Smarandache Loops

This article is a gentle introduction to the mathematical area known as circle packing, the study of the kinds of patterns that can be formed by configurations of non-overlapping circles. The first half of the article is an exposition of…

A system is invariant with respect to an input transformation if we can transform any dynamic input by this function and obtain the same output dynamics after adjusting the initial conditions appropriately. Often, the set of all such input…

We define a closure operation for rings of mixed characteristic and verify that the closure is a ring. We then show that this closure produces a ring with good properties with respect to its Fontaine ring and give an example to show that…

A simple linear loop is a simple while loop with linear assignments and linear loop guards. If a simple linear loop has only two program variables, we give a complete algorithm for computing the set of all the inputs on which the loop does…

The set of formal power series with coefficients in an associative but noncommutative algebra becomes a loop with the substitution product. We initiate the study of this loop by describing certain Lie and Sabinin algebras related to it.…

Classically, a spin structure on the loop space of a manifold is a lift of the structure group of the looped frame bundle from the loop group to its universal central extension. Heuristically, the loop space of a manifold is spin if and…

Semifields are semirings in which every nonzero element has a multiplicative inverse. A rough classification uses the characteristic of the semifield, that is the isomorphism type of the semifield generated by the two neutral elements. For…

Given a Banach space X, denote by SP_{w}(X) the set of equivalence classes of spreading models of X generated by normalized weakly null sequences in X. It is known that SP_{w}(X) is a semilattice, i.e., it is a partially ordered set in…

We demonstrate formation of hierarchical structures in two-dimensional systems with multiple length scales in the inter-particle interaction. These include states such as clusters of clusters, concentric rings, clusters inside a ring, and…

It is shown the construction of a module structure [2] with universe over a set of a particular kind of mathematical proofs, the base ring of this module will be built on a maximal consistent extension of a set of propositions, this…

Orbits in galaxy bars are generally complex, but simple closed loop orbits play an important role in our conceptual understanding of bars. Such orbits are found in some well-studied potentials, provide a simple model of the bar in…

We define a notion of roundness for finite groups. Roughly speaking, a group is round if one can order its elements in a cycle in such a way that some natural summation operators map this cycle into new cycles containing all the elements of…

We partially answer two questions of Goodaire by showing that in a finite, strongly right alternative ring, the set of units (if the ring is with unity) is a Bol loop under ring multiplication, and the set of quasiregular elements is a Bol…

A sectionally pseudocomplemented poset P is one which has the top element and in which every principal order filter is a pseudocomplemented poset. The sectional pseudocomplements give rise to an implication-like operation on P which…

A Code loop on a binary linear code that is doubly even with a factor set is shown to be a central loop, conjugacy closed loop, Burn loop and extra loop. General forms of the identities that define the factor set of a code are deduced.

We investigate Moufang loops which can be written as the semidirect product of a loop and a group. We also examine a particular class of loop extensions which arise as a result of a finite cyclic group acting as a group of semiautomorphisms…

The complex organization of syntax in hierarchical structures is one of the core design features of human language. Duality of patterning refers for instance to the organization of the meaningful elements in a language at two distinct…

We take the first step toward a structure theory that includes both operations of a ring $\mathcal{R}$. More precisely, we prove a series of inverse results for the structure of sets $A\subseteq \mathbf{F}_p$ such that, under certain…

The question of whether a given H-space X is, up to homotopy, a loop space has been studied from a variety of viewpoints. Here we address this question from the aspect of homotopy operations, in the classical sense of operations on homotopy…

A set $X$ endowed with a coarse structure is called ballean or coarse space. For a ballean $(X, \mathcal{E})$, we say that two subsets $A$, $B$ of $X$ are close (linked) if there exists an entourage $E\in \mathcal{E}$ such that $A\subseteq…