相关论文: Universality for mathematical and physical systems

Classical chaos theory rests on the notion of universality, whereby disparate dynamical systems share identical scaling laws. Existing universality classes, however, implicitly assume Markovian dynamics. Here, a logistic map endowed with…

The foundations of Statistical Mechanics can be recovered almost in their entirety from the Principle of Maximum Entropy. In this work we show that its non-equilibrium generalization, the Principle of Maximum Caliber (Jaynes, 1980), when…

In quantum mechanics physical processes procede by two different mechanisms. John von Neumann enumerated them as 1, the "discontinuous ... arbitrary changes by measurement," and 2, continuous evolution via the Schroedinger Equation. That…

Time-asymmetric behavior as embodied in the second law of thermodynamics is observed in {\it individual macroscopic} systems. It can be understood as arising naturally from time-symmetric microscopic laws when account is taken of a) the…

Statistical physics cannot explain why a thermodynamic arrow of time exists, unless one postulates very special and unnatural initial conditions. Yet, we argue that statistical physics can explain why the thermodynamic arrow of time is…

Normally, in mathematics and physics, only point particle systems, which are either finite or countable, are studied. We introduce new formal mathematical object called regular continuum system of point particles (with continuum number of…

Several models of quantum open systems are known at present to violate, according to principles of the standard quantum theory of open systems, the second law of thermodynamics. Here, a new and rather trivial model of another type is…

Cosmological bounces occur in many gravity theories. We define singularity scattering maps relating large scale geometries before and after the bounce (assuming no BKL oscillations) and encoding microscopic details of the theory. By…

Assuming that Quantum Mechanics is universal and that it can be applied over all scales, then the Universe is allowed to be in a quantum superposition of states, where each of them can correspond to a different space-time geometry. How can…

Originally formulated for macroscopic machines, the laws of thermodynamics were recently shown to hold for quantum systems coupled to ideal sources of work (external classical fields) and heat (systems at equilibrium). Ongoing efforts have…

The laws of thermodynamics, despite their wide range of applicability, are known to break down when systems are correlated with their environments. Here, we generalize thermodynamics to physical scenarios which allow presence of…

It is often claimed that the fundamental laws of physics are deterministic and time-symmetric and that therefore our experience of the passage of time is an illusion. This paper will critically discuss these claims and show that they are…

The concepts of symmetry and its breakdown are investigated in two different terms according to whether the resulting asymmetry is universal or only obtained for a special configuration: we shall illustrate this by considering in the first…

The description of spontaneous symmetry breaking that underlies the connection between classically ordered objects in the thermodynamic limit and their individual quantum mechanical building blocks is one of the cornerstones of modern…

Component systems - ensembles of realizations built from a shared repertoire of modular parts - are ubiquitous in biological, ecological, technological, and socio-cultural domains. From genomes to texts, cities, and software, these systems…

The motion of a ball through an appropriate lattice of round obstacles models the behavior of a Brownian particle and can be used to describe measurement on a macro system. On another hand, such motion is chaotic and a known conjecture…

Second-order ordinary linear differential equations appear ubiquitously across physics, describing the behavior of systems from the quantum world of atoms to the classical world of gravitating bodies. We present a unified symmetry-based…

We derive the classical equations of hydrodynamic type (Euler equation and the continuity equation) from which the Schrodinger equation follows as a limit case. It is shown that the statistical ensemble corresponding to quantum system and…

We discuss here the significance of the generalization of the newtonian concept of force by that of a transformation of a certain Standard Borel Space of cardinality $\mathbf{c}$ of the continuum as the ``cause'' behind motions of material…

The Newtonian motion of a macroscopic particle is derived from the linear Schr\"odinger equation with a Hamiltonian consisting of the free-particle term and a random Hamiltonian drawn from the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble. The random term…