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We begin by admitting the following: (i) there is a frame of reference where the speed of light is the same in any direction (that speed is c) (ii) the average speed of light on a two-way journey is c in every frame of reference. From this…

We deduce Katz's theorems for $(A,B)$-exponential sums over finite fields using $\ell$-adic cohomology and a theorem of Denef-Loeser, removing the hypothesis that $A+B$ is relatively prime to the characteristic $p$. In some degenerate…

Seymour's decomposition theorem is a hallmark result in matroid theory presenting a structural characterization of the class of regular matroids. Formalization of matroid theory faces many challenges, most importantly that only a limited…

Helmholtz decomposition theorem for vector fields is presented usually with too strong restrictions on the fields. Based on the work of Blumenthal of 1905 it is shown that the decomposition of vector fields is not only possible for…

This paper describes a particularly didactic and transparent derivation of basic properties of the Lorentz group. The generators for rotations and boosts along an arbitrary direction, as well as their commutation relations, are written as…

The Ehrhart quasipolynomial of a rational polytope $P$ encodes the number of integer lattice points in dilates of $P$, and the $h^*$-polynomial of $P$ is the numerator of the accompanying generating function. We provide two decomposition…

Let $n$ be any natural number. The $n$-centered operator is introduced for adjointable operators on Hilbert $C^*$-modules. Based on the characterizations of the polar decomposition for the product of two adjointable operators, $n$-centered…

Modular Decomposition focuses on repeatedly identifying a module M (a collection of vertices that shares exactly the same neighbourhood outside of M) and collapsing it into a single vertex. This notion of exactitude of neighbourhood is very…

We obtain several generalizations the Hellinger theorem about $l^2$ solutions of difference equations: instead of second order equations and $ l^2$-solutions, we consider second-order equations with matrix coefficients and their solutions…

We give an elementary proof of the development of Macdonald polynomials in terms of "modified complete" and elementary symmetric functions.

Formal expressions are derived for the multipole expansion of the structure functions of a general polarization observable of exclusive electrodisintegration of the deuteron using a longitudinally polarized beam and/or an oriented target.…

The Lorentz group is the fundamental language for space-time symmetries of relativistic particles. This group can these days be derived from the symmetries observed in other branches of physics. It is shown that this group can be derived…

Group-theoretical analysis of arbitrary polarization devices is performed, based on the theory of the Lorentz group. In effective "non-relativistic" Mueller case, described by 3-dimensional orthogonal matrices, results of the one…

In this short note we have proved an enhanced version of a theorem of Lorentz [1] and its generalization to the multivariate case which gives a non- uniform estimate of degree of approximation by a polynomial with positive coefficients. The…

The polarization tomography problem consists of recovering a matrix function f from the fundamental matrix of the equation $D\eta/dt=\pi_{\dot\gamma}f\eta$ known for every geodesic $\gamma$ of a given Riemannian metric. Here…

In this paper, it is shown why Lorentz Transformation implies the general case where observed events are not necessarily in the inertia frame of any observer but assumes a special scenario when determining the length contraction and time…

Consider $k\ge 2$ distinct, linearly independent, homogeneous linear recurrences of order $k$ satisfying the same recurrence relation. We prove that the recurrences are related to a decomposable form of degree $k$, and there is a very broad…

If V(R) is the vertex set of a symmetric cycle R in the tope graph of a simple oriented matroid M, then for any tope T of M there exists a unique inclusion-minimal subset Q(T;R) of V(R) such that T is the sum of the topes of Q(T;R). If…

The first aim of this work is to characterize when the lattice of all submodules of a module is a direct product of two lattices. In particular, which decompositions of a module $M$ produce these decompositions: the \emph{lattice…

Given an $r\times r$ complex matrix $T$, if $T=U|T|$ is the polar decomposition of $T$, then, the Aluthge transform is defined by $$ \Delta(T)= |T|^{1/2} U |T |^{1/2}. $$ Let $\Delta^{n}(T)$ denote the n-times iterated Aluthge transform of…