相关论文: Conversion of second class constraints by deformat…

We show that any theory with second class constraints may be cast into a gauge theory if one makes use of solutions of the constraints expressed in terms of the coordinates of the original phase space. We perform a Lagrangian path integral…

Previous work in the literature has studied the Hamiltonian structure of an R-squared model of gravity with torsion in a closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. Within the framework of Dirac's theory, torsion is found to lead to a…

In the framework of the generalized Hamiltonian formalism by Dirac, the local symmetries of dynamical systems with first- and second-class constraints are investigated. For theories with an algebra of constraints of special form (to which a…

A detailed program is proposed in the Lagrangian formalism to investigate the dynamical behavior of a theory with singular Lagrangian. This program goes on, at different levels, parallel to the Hamiltonian analysis. In particular, we…

It is shown that an arbitrary singular Lagrangian theory (with first and second class constraints up to $N$-th stage in the Hamiltonian formulation) can be reformulated as a theory with at most third-stage constraints. The corresponding…

We show that for a system containing a set of general second class constraints which are linear in the phase space variables, the Abelian conversion can be obtained in a closed form and that the first class constraints generate a…

Gauge-invariant systems in unconstrained configuration and phase spaces, equivalent to second-class constraints systems upon a gauge-fixing, are discussed. A mathematical pendulum on an $n-1$-dimensional sphere $S^{n-1}$ as an example of a…

In the framework of the generalized Hamiltonian formalism by Dirac, the local symmetries of dynamical systems with first- and second-class constraints are investigated in the general case without restrictions on the algebra of constraints.…

Recently two pairs of authors have aimed to vindicate the longstanding conventional claim that a first-class constraint generates a gauge transformation in typical gauge theories such as electromagnetism, Yang-Mills and General Relativity,…

Dynamical systems, described by Lagrangians with first- and second-class constraints, are investigated. In the Dirac approach to the generalized Hamiltonian formalism, the classification and separation of the first- and second-class…

The way of finding all the constraints in the Hamiltonian formulation of singular (in particular, gauge) theories is called the Dirac procedure. The constraints are naturally classified according to the correspondig stages of this…

We show how to systematically derive the exact form of local symmetries for the abelian Proca and CS models, which are converted into first class constrained systems by the BFT formalism, in the Lagrangian formalism. As results, without…

We analyze a structure of the singular Lagrangian $L$ with first and second class constraints of an arbitrary stage. We show that there exist an equivalent Lagrangian (called the extended Lagrangian $\tilde L$) that generates all the…

In this article, we make a gauge theory from the Open p-brane system and map it into the Open 2-brane one. Due to the presence of second class constraints in this model, we encounter some problems during the procedure of quantization. In…

We describe in detail how to eliminate nonphysical degrees of freedom in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of a constrained system. Two important and distinct steps in our method are the fixing of ambiguities in the dynamics and…

Recently, there were works claiming that path integral quantisation of gauge theories necessarily requires relaxation of Lagrangian constraints. As has also been noted in the literature, it is of course wrong since there perfectly exist…

Unfortunately, the Hamiltonian mechanics of degenerate Lagrangian systems is usually presented as a mere recipe of Dirac, with no explanation as to how it works. Then it comes to discussing conjectures of whether all primary constraints…

We describe how geometrical methods can be applied to a system with explicitly time-dependent second-class constraints so as to cast it in Hamiltonian form on its physical phase space. Examples of particular interest are systems which…

To circumvent some technical difficulties faced by the geometric Lagrangian approach to the physical degree of freedom count presented in the work of Diaz, Higuita, and Montesinos, J. Math. Phys. 55, 122901 (2014) that prevent its direct…

Using well known Lagrangean techniques for uncovering the gauge symmetries of a Lagrangean, we derive the transformation laws for the phase space variables corresponding to local symmetries of the Hamilton equations of motion. These…