相关论文: A problem with the Schwinger term in Dirac field t…
We consider (2+1)-gravity with vanishing cosmological constant as a constrained dynamical system. By applying Dirac's gauge fixing procedure, we implement the constraints and determine the Dirac bracket on the gauge-invariant phase space.…
We propose a method of field quantization which uses an indefinite metric in a Hilbert space of state vectors. The action for gravity and the standard model includes, as well as the positive energy fermion and boson fields, negative energy…
We describe a method of writing down the exact interacting gauge invariant equations for all the modes of the bosonic open string. It is a generalization of the loop variable approach that was used earlier for the free, and lowest order…
A common assumption in quantum field theory is that the energy-momentum 4-vector of any quantum state must be time-like. However it has been recently shown [4] that this is not the case for a Dirac-Maxwell field in the coulomb gauge. Here…
The finite-volume QED$_{1+1}$ is formulated in terms of Dirac variables by an explicit solution of the Gauss constraint with possible nontrivial boundary conditions taken into account. The intrinsic nontrivial topology of the gauge group is…
The Dirac field is studied in a Lyra space-time background by means of the classical Schwinger Variational Principle. We obtain the equations of motion, establish the conservation laws, and get a scale relation relating the energy-momentum…
In this paper the quantization of the 2$+$1-dimensional gravity couplet to the massless Dirac field is carried out. The problem is solved by the application of the new Dynamic Quantization Method [1,2]. It is well-known that in general…
It is argued that the realization of gauge invariance condition as a consequent of cancellation between the \phi\to\gamma f0\to\gamma\pi0\pi0 resonance contribution and a \phi\to\gamma\pi0\pi0 background one, suggested in Ref. [1], is…
Using a system of the corresponding Schwinger-Dyson equations of motion, a pure dynamical theory of quark confinement and spontaneous breakdown of chiral symmetry is formulated. It is based on dominated in the QCD vacuum self-interaction of…
Although gauge invariance preserves the values of physical observables, a gauge transformation can introduce important alterations of physical interpretations. To understand this, it is first shown that a gauge transformation is not, in…
Our main interest here is to analyze the gauge invariance issue concerning the noncommutative relativistic particle. Since the analysis of the constraint set from Dirac's point of view classifies it as a second-class system, it is not a…
It is shown that in the case of the spherically symmetric static backgrounds there is a gauge in which the Dirac equation is manifestly covariant under rotations. This allows us to separate the spherical variables like in the flat…
Summary of abstract Field theory models including gauge theories with SSB are presented where the energy density of the true vacuum state (TVS) is zero without fine tuning. The above models are constructed in the gravitational theory where…
It is shown that gravitational coupling creates inertia for the electron. The coupling term does not mix right- and left-handed spinor components. Therefore, the corresponding electroweak term is invariant under U(1) X SU(2)_L gauge…
A recently constructed model for low lying excitations in bilayer graphene exhibits mid-gap, zero energy modes in its Dirac-like spectrum, when a scalar order parameter takes a vortex profile. We show that these modes persist when the…
We construct a Lagrangian of Weyl spinors and gauge fields, which is invariant under the action of equivalent local transformations on the spinor algebra representations. A model of vacuum with a nontrivial gauge strength-tensor setting a…
The concept of gauge invariance can be considered one of the most subtle and useful concept in theoretical physics since it can permit the comprehension of difficult systems in physics with an arbitrary choice of a reference frame at every…
We develop the principle of nongravitating vacuum energy, which is implemented by changing the measure of integration from $\sqrt{-g}d^{D}x$ to an integration in an internal space of $D$ scalar fields $\phi_{a}$. As a consequence of such a…
We investigate gauge invariance against phase space shifting in nonequilibrium systems, as represented by time-dependent many-body Hamiltonians that drive an initial ensemble out of thermal equilibrium. The theory gives rise to gauge…
It is commonly believed that the vacuum energy problem points to the need for (1) a radically new formulation of gravitational physics and (2) a new principle which forces the vacuum stress-energy tensor (as measured by gravity) to be…