相关论文: Gauge Invariance in the Process $e^+e^-\to \bar \n…

We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…

We investigate the gauge invariance of the dynamic (ac) Stark shift under "hybrid" gauge transformations from the "length" (E.r) to the "velocity" (A.p) gauge. By a "hybrid" gauge transformation, we understand a transformation in which the…

We have shown that two of the most studied models of lineal gravities - Liouville gravity and a ``string-inspired'' model exhibiting the main characteristic features of a black-hole solution - can be formulated as gauge invariant theories…

Gauge-invariant perturbation theory is an extension of ordinary perturbation theory which describes strictly gauge-invariant states in theories with a Brout-Englert-Higgs effect. Such gauge-invariant states are composite operators which…

We consider perturbative quantum field theory in the causal framework. Gauge invariance is, in this framework, an identity involving chronological products of the interaction Lagrangian; it express the fact that the scattering matrix must…

The lepton-flavour-violating decay K_L --> e \mu is studied in detail within the context of SU(2)_R x SU(2)_L x U(1)_(B-L) models, which include heavy Majorana neutrinos. Particular attention is paid to the gauge independence of this decay…

In $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory with compact $U(1)$ variables, we construct the symmetry operator, i.e.\ the topological defect, for the axial $U(1)$ noninvertible symmetry. This requires a lattice formulation of chiral gauge theory with an…

Among various approaches in proving gauge independence, models containing an explicit gauge dependence are convenient. The well-known example is the gauge parameter in the covariant gauge fixing which is of course most suitable for the…

We investigate the scalar sector of linear cosmological perturbations in quadratic gravity. Working in the Einstein frame, we derive the equations of motion in a gauge-independent manner and express them in terms of three sets of…

Quantum-simulator hardware promises new insights into problems from particle and nuclear physics. A major challenge is to reproduce gauge invariance, as violations of this quintessential property of lattice gauge theories can have dramatic…

The definition of the physical properties of particles in perturbative gauge theories must satisfy gauge invariance as a requisite. The Pinch Technique provides a framework to define the electromagnetic form factors and the electromagnetic…

We discuss an alternative to the Higgs mechanism which leads to gauge invariant masses for the electroweak bosons. The key idea is to reformulate the gauge invariance principle which, instead of being applied as usual at the level of the…

We present a model-independent method for determining anomalous gauge boson couplings from ongoing and future e^{+}e^{-} -> W^{+} W^{-} experiments. First we generalize an already existing method, which relies on the study of four…

Three techniques for performing gauge-invariant, noncompact lattice simulations of nonabelian gauge theories are discussed. In the first method, the action is not itself gauge invariant, but a kind of lattice gauge invariance is restored by…

We examine the Galilean invariance of standard lattice Boltzmann methods for two-phase fluids. We show that the known Galilean invariant term that is cubic in the velocities, and is usually neglected, is the main source of Galilean…

In this article we consider the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equations and give a sufficient condition on Gaussian measures of jointly independent Fourier coefficients supported on $H^{\sigma}(\mathbb{T}^2)$ ($\sigma>3$) such that…

Gauge invariance is essential for making physically meaningful predictions. In superconductors, mean-field Hamiltonians that explicitly break $U(1)$ symmetry often yield gauge-dependent results. While this issue has been resolved for linear…

We show that the naively expected large virtual heavy fermion effects in low energy processes may be screened if the process under consideration contains external gauge bosons constrained by gauge invariance. We illustrate this by a typical…

A gauge invariant partition function is defined for gauge theories which leads to the standard quantization. It is shown that the descent equations and consequently the consistent anomalies and Schwinger terms can be extracted from this…

We show that the requirement of gauge invariance is not enough to fix the form of interactions between unparticles and gauge fields, thus revealing a wide new class of gauged unparticle actions. Our approach also allows us to construct…