相关论文: Why the Very High Multiplicity events are rare

The general problem is studied on a simple example. A quantum particle in an infinite one-dimensional well potential is considered. Let the boundaries of well changes in a finite time $T$. The standard methods for calculating probability of…

Decisions are often based on imprecise, uncertain or vague information. Likewise, the consequences of an action are often equally unpredictable, thus putting the decision maker into a twofold jeopardy. Assuming that the effects of an action…

The apparent nonunitary evolution in the black hole information paradox and recent work on describing wavefunction collapse via nonunitary nonlinear stochastic operators has motivated us to analyze whether mixed states can be distinguished…

It is shown that in the two schemes with four massive neutrinos which are compatible with the results of all neutrino oscillation experiments, the probabilities of nu_e disappearance and nu_mu->nu_e appearance in long-baseline experiments…

The long-time behavior of the survival probability for unstable multilevel systems that follows the power-decay law is studied based on the N-level Friedrichs model, and is shown to depend on the initial population in unstable states. A…

Chance constraints provide a principled framework to mitigate the risk of high-impact extreme events by modifying the controllable properties of a system. The low probability and rare occurrence of such events, however, impose severe…

The experimentally measured multiplicity distributions exhibit, after closer inspection, peculiarly enhanced void probability and oscillatory behavior of the modified combinants. We show that both these features can be used as additional…

The plausibility of uncommon events and miracles based on testimony of such an event has been much discussed. When analyzing the probabilities involved, it has mostly been assumed that the common events can be taken as data in the…

Complexity of the problem of choosing among uncertain acts is a salient feature of many of the environments in which departures from expected utility theory are observed. I propose and axiomatize a model of choice under uncertainty in which…

We study the large deviation estimates for the short time asymptotic behavior of a strongly degenerate diffusion process. Assuming a nilpotent structure of the Lie algebra generated by the driving vector fields, we obtain a graded large…

We consider the estimation of small probabilities or other risk quantities associated with rare but catastrophic events. In the model-based literature, much of the focus has been devoted to efficient Monte Carlo computation or analytical…

The properties of quintessence are examined through the study of the variation of the electromagnetic coupling. We consider two simple quintessence models with a modified exponential potential and study the parameter space constraints…

This paper discusses a restriction of quantum theory, in which very complex states would be excluded. The toy theory is phrased in the language of the circuit model for quantum computing, its key ingredient being a limitation on the number…

We demonstrate that final-state uncertainty is ubiquitous in multistable systems of coupled neuronal maps, meaning that predicting whether one such system will eventually be chaotic or nonchaotic is often nearly impossible. We propose a…

Addressing the ongoing examination of high-frequency trading practices in financial markets, we report the results of an extensive empirical study estimating the maximum possible profitability of the most aggressive such practices, and…

The effect of limiting the acceptance in rapidity on event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions has been investigated. Our analysis shows that the multiplicity fluctuations decrease when the rapidity acceptance…

It has been recently discovered that some random processes may satisfy limit theorems even though they exhibit intermittency, namely an unusual growth of moments. In this paper we provide a deeper understanding of these intricate limiting…

Through a straightforward Bayesian approach we show that under some general conditions a maximum running time, namely the number of discrete steps performed by a computer program during its execution, can be defined such that the…

We describe some general results that constrain the dynamical fluctuations that can occur in non-equilibrium steady states, with a focus on molecular dynamics. That is, we consider Hamiltonian systems, coupled to external heat baths, and…

The definition of the conditional probability is very important in the theory of the probability. This definition is based on the fact, that random events can be simultaneously measurable. This paper deal with the problem of conditioning…