相关论文: Nearly-Exponential Size Lower Bounds for Symbolic …
We exhibit families of $4$-CNF formulas over $n$ variables that have sums-of-squares (SOS) proofs of unsatisfiability of degree (a.k.a. rank) $d$ but require SOS proofs of size $n^{\Omega(d)}$ for values of $d = d(n)$ from constant all the…
A classical question of propositional logic is one of the shortest proof of a tautology. A related fundamental problem is to determine the relative efficiency of standard proof systems, where the relative complexity is measured using the…
We prove superpolynomial length lower bounds for the semantic tree-like Frege refutation system with bounded line size. Concretely, for any function $n^{2-\varepsilon} \leq s(n) \leq 2^{n^{1-\varepsilon}}$ we exhibit an explicit family…
We introduce and investigate symbolic proof systems for Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBF) operating on Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs). These systems capture QBF solvers that perform symbolic quantifier elimination, and as such…
In this note we show that unsatisfiable systems of linear equations with a constant number of variables per equation over prime finite fields have polynomial-size constant-degree semi-algebraic proofs of unsatisfiability. These are proofs…
For any unsatisfiable CNF formula we give an exponential lower bound on the size of resolution refutations of a propositional statement that the formula has a resolution refutation. We describe three applications. (1) An open question in…
As a natural extension of the SAT problem, an array of proof systems for quantified Boolean formulas (QBF) have been proposed, many of which extend a propositional proof system to handle universal quantification. By formalising the…
Since their introduction by Atserias, Kolaitis, and Vardi in 2004, proof systems where each line is represented by an ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) have been intensively studied as they allow to compactly represent Boolean…
We study -- within the framework of propositional proof complexity -- the problem of certifying unsatisfiability of CNF formulas under the promise that any satisfiable formula has many satisfying assignments, where ``many'' stands for an…
We prove that there are 3-CNF formulas over n variables that can be refuted in resolution in width w but require resolution proofs of size n^Omega(w). This shows that the simple counting argument that any formula refutable in width w must…
We consider a variant of the Boolean satisfiability problem where a subset E of the propositional variables appearing in formula Fsat encode a symmetric, transitive, binary relation over N elements. Each of these relational variables,…
Two major considerations when encoding pseudo-Boolean (PB) constraints into SAT are the size of the encoding and its propagation strength, that is, the guarantee that it has a good behaviour under unit propagation. Several encodings with…
The combination of uninterpreted function symbols and universal quantification occurs in many applications of automated reasoning, for example, due to their ability to reason about arrays. Yet the satisfiability of such formulas is, in…
Itsykson and Sokolov [IS14] identified resolution over parities, denoted by $\text{Res}(\oplus)$, as a natural and simple fragment of $\text{AC}^0[2]$-Frege for which no super-polynomial lower bounds on size of proofs are known. Building on…
Resolution over linear equations is a natural extension of the popular resolution refutation system, augmented with the ability to carry out basic counting. Denoted Res(lin_R), this refutation system operates with disjunctions of linear…
Let $P:\{0,1\}^k \to \{0,1\}$ be a nontrivial $k$-ary predicate. Consider a random instance of the constraint satisfaction problem $\mathrm{CSP}(P)$ on $n$ variables with $\Delta n$ constraints, each being $P$ applied to $k$ randomly chosen…
In this paper we prove lower bounds for sizes of refutations of unsatisfiable vector Subset Sum instances $\overrightarrow{a}_1 x_1 + \dots + \overrightarrow{a}_n x_n = \overrightarrow{b}$ in the proof system Res(lin$_{\mathbb{F}_q}$) where…
We establish a lower bound for deciding the satisfiability of the conjunction of any two Boolean formulas from a set called a full representation of Boolean functions of $n$ variables - a set containing a Boolean formula to represent each…
We introduce Tree Decision Diagrams (TDD) as a model for Boolean functions that generalizes OBDD. They can be seen as a restriction of structured d-DNNF; that is, d-DNNF that respect a vtree $T$. We show that TDDs enjoy the same…
Quantifier-free nonlinear arithmetic (QF_NRA) appears in many applications of satisfiability modulo theories solving (SMT). Accordingly, efficient reasoning for corresponding constraints in SMT theory solvers is highly relevant. We propose…