相关论文: Intransitivity and Vagueness

We provide a wide-ranging study of the scenario where a subset of the relations in a relational vocabulary are visible to a user --- that is, their complete contents are known --- while the remaining relations are invisible. We also have a…

Unlike in the case of distinguishable particles, the concept of entanglement-- not to mention, nonlocality-- remains debated in case of indistinguishable particles. Here, we show that certain existing all-versus-nothing type of proofs of…

Several examples are used to illustrate how we deal cavalierly with infinities and unphysical systems in physics. Upon examining these examples in the context of infinities from Cantor's theory of transfinite numbers, the only known…

It appears paradoxical that science is producing outstanding new results and theories at a rapid rate at the same time that researchers are identifying serious problems in the practice of science that cause many reports to be irreproducible…

Discussions on indeterminism in physics focus on the possibility of an open future, i.e. the possibility of having potential alternative future events, the realisation of one of which is not fully determined by the present state of affairs.…

The tremendous popular success of Chaos Theory shares some common points with the not less fortunate Relativity: they both rely on a misunderstanding. Indeed, ironically , the scientific meaning of these terms for mathematicians and…

The paper studies problems of satisfiability, decidability and admissibility of inference rules, conceptions of knowledge and agent's knowledge in non-transitive temporal linear logic LTL(Past,m). We find algorithms solving mentioned…

Infinity, in various guises, has been invoked recently in order to `explain' a number of important questions regarding observable phenomena in science, and in particular in cosmology. Such explanations are by their nature speculative. Here…

Prigogine and Stengers (1988) have pointed to the centrality of the concepts of "time and eternity" for the cosmology contained in Newtonian physics, but they have not addressed this issue beyond the domain of physics. The construction of…

Invisibility devices exploit ambiguities in the inverse scattering problem of light in media. Scattering also serves as an important general tool to infer information about the structure of matter. We elucidate the nature of scattering…

We show that the finite satisfiability problem for the unary negation fragment with arbitrary number of transitive relations is decidable and 2-ExpTime-complete. Our result actually holds for a more general setting in which one can require…

The temporal relations that hold between events described by successive utterances are often left implicit or underspecified. We address the role of two phenomena with respect to the recovery of these relations: (1) the referential…

Recent times have seen a spurt of research activity focused on "completing" certain wave-particle duality relations using entanglement or polarization. These studies use a duality relation involving path-predictability, and not…

The presence of latent variables can greatly complicate inferences about causal relations between measured variables from statistical data. In many cases, the presence of latent variables makes it impossible to determine for two measured…

We approach the sorites paradox (SP) through an observer-based and time-dependent approach to truth of vague assertions. Formally the approach gives rise to a semantics, called fluxing-object semantics (FOS), because it involves models that…

Crisp and lattice-valued ambiguous representations of one continuous semilattice in another one are introduced and operation of taking pseudo-inverse of the above relations is defined. It is shown that continuous semilattices and their…

Underlying the theory of inferences, a primary task of logic is language analysis. Such a task can be understood as depending on a general theory of representation, taking as a starting point the idea that some entities (`` representations…

Transfinite set theory including the axiom of choice supplies the following basic theorems: (1) Mappings between infinite sets can always be completed, such that at least one of the sets is exhausted. (2) The real numbers can be well…

Deduction is the one of the major forms of inferences and commonly used in formal logic. This kind of inference has the feature of monotonicity, which can be problematic. There are different types of inferences that are not monotonic, e.g.…

We consider extensions of Peano arithmetic which include an assertibility predicate. Any such system which is arithmetically sound effectively verifies its own soundness. This leads to the resolution of a range of paradoxes involving…