相关论文: A tutorial on Dirac quantisation by analysing the …
Dirac algorithm allows to construct Hamiltonian systems for singular systems, and so contributing to its successful quantization. A drawback of this method is that the resulting quantized theory does not have manifest Lorentz invariance.…
Exact procedures that follow Dirac's constraint quantization of gauge theories are usually technically involved and often difficult to implement in practice. We overview an "effective" scheme for obtaining the leading order semiclassical…
The system of gravity coupled to the non-rotational dust field is studied at both classical and quantum levels. The scalar constraint of the system can be written in the form of a true physical Hamiltonian with respect to the dust time. In…
In this paper we explore the idea of looking at the Dirac quantisation conditions as $\hbar$-dependent constraints on the tangent bundle to phase-space. Starting from the path-integral version of classical mechanics and using the natural…
We analyze constrained quantum systems where the dynamics do not preserve the constraints. This is done in particular for the restriction of a quantum particle in Euclidean n-space to a curved submanifold, and we propose a method of…
The constrained Hamiltonian systems admitting no gauge conditions are considered. The methods to deal with such systems are discussed and developed. As a concrete application, the relationship between the Dirac and reduced phase space…
The statistical mechanics of quantum-classical systems with holonomic constraints is formulated rigorously by unifying the classical Dirac bracket and the quantum-classical bracket in matrix form. The resulting Dirac quantum-classical…
The Dirac-Bergmann algorithm is a recipe for converting a theory with a singular Lagrangian into a constrained Hamiltonian system. Constrained Hamiltonian systems include gauge theories -- general relativity, electromagnetism, Yang Mills,…
We consider the problem of constrained motion along a conic path under a given external potential function. The model is described as a second-class system capturing the behavior of a certain class of specific quantum field theories. By…
Hamiltonian constraints feature in the canonical formulation of general relativity. Unlike typical constraints they cannot be associated with a reduction procedure leading to a non-trivial reduced phase space and this means the physical…
These are pedagogical notes on the Hamiltonian formulation of constrained dynamical systems. All the examples are finite dimensional, field theories are not covered, and the notes could be used by students for a preliminary study before the…
We extend a previously successful discussion of the constrained Schr\"{o}dinger system through the Dirac--Bergmann algorithm to the case of the Dirac field. In order to follow the analogy, first we discuss the classical Dirac field as a…
The Dirac method is used to analyze the classical and quantum dynamics of a particle constrained on a circle. The method of Lagrange multipliers is scrutinized, in particular in relation to the quantization procedure. Ordering problems are…
An extension of the Dirac procedure for the quantization of constrained systems is necessary to address certain issues that are left open in Dirac's original proposal. These issues play an important role especially in the context of…
The relationship between the Dirac and reduced phase space quantizations is investigated for spin models belonging to the class of Hamiltonian systems having no gauge conditions. It is traced out that the two quantization methods may give…
We apply the Dirac procedure for constrained systems to the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner formalism linearized around the Friedmann-Lemaitre universe. We explain and employ some basic concepts such as Dirac observables, Dirac brackets, gauge-fixing…
We present the Dirac Hamiltonian formalism for a pair of $1$-form fields with a topological-like potential coupled to first-order gravity in three-dimensional spacetime. By considering the complete phase space, we derive the full structure…
We use Dirac's method for the quantization of constrained systems in order to quantize a spatially flat Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker spacetime in the context of $f(Q)$ cosmology. When the coincident gauge is considered, the…
In this work, we investigate a Lagrangian model describing a particle constrained to move along non-degenerate conic sections, parameterized by the orbital eccentricity \( e \). In the non-relativistic regime, we apply the Dirac--Bergmann…
A relativistic Hamiltonian mechanical system is seen as a conservative Dirac constraint system on the cotangent bundle of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold. We provide geometric quantization of this cotangent bundle where the quantum constraint…