相关论文: Continuous and discontinuous realizations of first…

A thermodynamic phase transition denotes a drastic change of state of a physical system due to a continuous change of thermodynamic variables, as for instance pressure and temperature. The classical van der Waals equation of state is the…

Here we first develop the thermodynamics of microcanonical phase transitions of first and second order in systems which are thermodynamically stable in the sense of van Hove. We show how both kinds of phase transitions can unambiguously be…

A sweep through a quantum phase transition by means of a time-dependent external parameter (e.g., pressure) entails non-equilibrium phenomena associated with a break-down of adiabaticity: At the critical point, the energy gap vanishes and…

As phenomena that necessarily emerge from the collective behavior of interacting particles, phase transitions continue to be difficult to predict using statistical thermodynamics. A recent proposal called the topological hypothesis suggests…

A hallmark of a thermodynamic phase transition is the qualitative change of system thermodynamic properties such as energy and heat capacity. On the other hand, no phase transition is thought to operate in the supercritical state of matter…

Two-level atoms interacting with a one mode cavity field at zero temperature have order parameters which reflect the presence of a quantum phase transition at a critical value of the atom-cavity coupling strength. Two popular examples are…

The connection between the thermodynamics of charged finite nuclear systems and the asymptotically measured partitions is presented. Some open questions, concerning in particular equilibrium partitions are discussed. We show a detailed…

Two known distinct examples of one-dimensional systems which are known to exhibit a phase transition are critically examined: (A) a lattice model with harmonic nearest-neighbor elastic interactions and an on-site Morse potential, and (B)…

We consider three-dimensional models for rate-independent processes describing materials undergoing phase transformations with heat transfer. The problem is formulated within the framework of generalized standard solids by the coupling of…

In this work, we establish a general theory of phase transitions and quantum entanglement in the equilibrium state at arbitrary temperatures. First, we derived a set of universal functional relations between the matrix elements of two-body…

We propose a stochastic order parameter equation for describing phase coexistence in steady heat conduction near equilibrium. By analyzing the stochastic dynamics with a non-equilibrium adiabatic boundary condition, where total energy is…

The study of liquid-gas phase transition in heavy ion collisions has generated a lot of interest amongst the nuclear physicists in the recent years. In heavy ion collisions, there is no direct way of measuring the state variables like…

A one dimensional stochastic exclusion process with two species of particles, $+$ and $-$, is studied where density of each species can fluctuate but the total particle density is conserved. From the exact stationary state weights we show…

The elsewhere surmised topological origin of phase transitions is given here new important evidence through the analytic study of an exactly solvable model for which both topology and thermodynamics are worked out. The model is a mean-field…

Quantum phase transitional behavior of a finite periodic XX spin-1/2 chain with nearest neighbor interaction in a uniform transverse field is studied based on the simple exact solutions. It is found that there are [N/2] level-crossing…

One of the most striking many-body phenomena in nature is the sudden change of macroscopic properties as the temperature or energy reaches a critical value. Such equilibrium transitions have been predicted and observed in two and three…

We demonstrate that first-order phase transitions in 1+1-dimensional nonequilibrium systems with fluctuating ordered phases are impossible, provided that there are no additional conservation laws, long-range interactions, macroscopic…

In the limit of a large number of colors (N), both Yang-Mills and quantum chromodynamics are expected to have a first-order phase transition separating a confined hadronic phase and a deconfined plasma phase. One aspect of this separation…

In the present chapter, we discuss an approach for transition from discrete to continuum description of thermomechanical behavior of solids. The transition is carried out for several anharmonic systems: one-dimensional crystal,…

A phase transition indicates a sudden change in the properties of a large system. For temperature-driven phase transitions this is related to non-analytic behavior of the free energy density at the critical temperature: The knowledge of the…