相关论文: Note on Jackson's formalism of gauge transformatio…
The Coulomb-gauge vector potential of a uniformly moving point charge is obtained by calculating the gauge function for the transformation between the Lorenz and Coulomb gauges. The expression obtained for the difference between the vector…
There is a simple formula for the gauge function of the transformation from the Lorenz gauge to the Coulomb gauge, valid under a condition that is satisfied by some charge densities employed in the literature. An equation for the gauge…
The fact that electromagnetic effects propagate at the speed of light suggests how the Lorenz-gauge scalar and vector potentials of a uniformly moving point charge must be modified when the charge was initially at rest and then set suddenly…
The main purposes of this paper are (i) to illustrate explicitly by a number of examples the gauge functions chi(x, t) whose spatial and temporal derivatives transform one set of electromagnetic potentials into another equivalent set; and…
Using connection with quantum field theory, the infinitesimal covariant abelian gauge transformation laws of relativistic two-particle constraint theory wave functions and potentials are established and weak invariance of the corresponding…
The expression for the Coulomb-gauge vector potential in terms of the `instantaneous' magnetic field derived by Stewart [2003 Eur. J. Phys. 24, 519] by employing Jefimenko's equation for the magnetic field and Jackson's formula for the…
Modern undergraduate textbooks in electricity and magnetism typically focus on a force representation of electrodynamics with an emphasis on Maxwell's Equations and the Lorentz Force Law. The vector potential $\mathbf{A}$ and scalar…
The question of an instantaneous action (A M Stewart 2003 Eur. J. Phys. 24, 519) can be approached in a systematic way applying the Helmhotz vector decomposition theorem to a two-parameter Lorenz-like gauge. We thus show that only the…
The gauge covariant derivative of a wave function is ubiquitous in gauge theory, and with associated gauge transformations it defines charged currents interacting with external fields, such as the Lorentz force exerted by an electromagnetic…
In this paper we consider external current QED in the Coulomb gauge and in axial gauges for various spatial directions of the axis. For a non-zero electric charge of the current, we demonstrate that any two different gauges from this class…
It is well-known that the electric and magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effects may be formally described on equal footing using the four-vector potential in a relativistic framework. We propose an illustrative manifestation of both effects in a…
I give a simple construction of certain Coulomb branches $C_{3,4}(G;E)$ of gauge theory in 3 and 4 dimensions defined by Nakajima et al. for a compact Lie group $G$ and a polarisable quaternionic representation $E$. The manifolds $C(G; 0)$…
Analytical formulae are derived for the zero-point vibrational energy and anharmonicity corrections of the cohesive energy and the mode Gr\"{u}neisen parameter within the Einstein model for the cubic lattices (sc, bcc and fcc) and for the…
This paper presents a simple and systematic method to show how the potentials in the Lorentz, Coulomb, Kirchhoff, velocity and temporal gauges yield the same retarded electric and magnetic fields. The method appropriately uses the dynamical…
To describe charged particles interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field, we point out the differences of working in the so-called generalized and the true Coulomb gauges. We find an explicit gauge transformation between them for…
In classical electrodynamics all the measurable quantities can be derived from the gauge invariant Faraday tensor $F_{\alpha\beta}$. Nevertheless, it is often advantageous to work with gauge dependent variables. In [4],[2] and [8], and in…
Quantum mechanical scalar particle with polarizability is considered in the presence of the Coulomb field. Separation of variables is performed with the use of Wigner $D$-functions, the radial system of 15 equations is reduced to a single…
The instantaneous nature of the potentials of the Coulomb gauge is clarified and a concise derivation is given of the vector potential of the Coulomb gauge expressed in terms of the instantaneous magnetic field.
Recently (Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 (2015), 210402) the influence of the so called "Wigner translations" (more generally-Lorentz trans- formations) on circularly polarized Gaussian packets ( providing the solution to Maxwell equations in…
Although gauge invariance preserves the values of physical observables, a gauge transformation can introduce important alterations of physical interpretations. To understand this, it is first shown that a gauge transformation is not, in…