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In nonseparable triangular models with a binary endogenous treatment and a binary instrumental variable, Vuong and Xu (2017) established identification results for individual treatment effects (ITEs) under the rank invariance assumption.…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2025-03-10 Jun Ma , Vadim Marmer , Zhengfei Yu

Individual Treatment Effect (ITE) estimation is an extensively researched problem, with applications in various domains. We model the case where there exists heterogeneous non-compliance to a randomly assigned treatment, a typical situation…

Robust estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is a fundamental challenge for optimal decision-making in domains ranging from personalized medicine to educational policy. In recent years, predictive machine learning has emerged as a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-06-23 Maximilian Schuessler , Erik Sverdrup , Robert Tibshirani

Estimating individualized treatment rules (ITRs) is crucial for tailoring interventions in precision medicine. Typical ITR estimation methods rely on conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) to guide treatment assignments. However,…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-10-20 Peng Wu , Qing Jiang , Shanshan Luo , Zhi Geng

Individual Treatment Effect (ITE) prediction is an important area of research in machine learning which aims at explaining and estimating the causal impact of an action at the granular level. It represents a problem of growing interest in…

Inferring causal relationships between event pairs in a temporal sequence is applicable in many domains such as healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation. Most existing work on causal inference primarily focuses on event types within…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Kazi Tasnim Zinat , Yun Zhou , Xiang Lyu , Yawei Wang , Zhicheng Liu , Panpan Xu

Machine learning has shown much promise in helping improve the quality of medical, legal, and financial decision-making. In these applications, machine learning models must satisfy two important criteria: (i) they must be causal, since the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-12 Carolyn Kim , Osbert Bastani

Randomized trials are viewed as the benchmark for assessing causal effects of treatments on outcomes of interest. Nonetheless, challenges such as measurement error can undermine the standard causal assumptions for randomized trials. In…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-08-27 Dane Isenberg , Nandita Mitra , Steven C. Marcus , Rinad S. Beidas , Kristin A. Linn

Treatment effect estimates are often available from randomized controlled trials as a single average treatment effect for a certain patient population. Estimates of the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) are more useful for…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-09-12 Wouter A. C. van Amsterdam , Rajesh Ranganath

The paper proposes an estimator to make inference of heterogeneous treatment effects sorted by impact groups (GATES) for non-randomised experiments. The groups can be understood as a broader aggregation of the conditional average treatment…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2020-03-30 Daniel Jacob

Evaluation of intervention in a multiagent system, e.g., when humans should intervene in autonomous driving systems and when a player should pass to teammates for a good shot, is challenging in various engineering and scientific fields.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Keisuke Fujii , Koh Takeuchi , Atsushi Kuribayashi , Naoya Takeishi , Yoshinobu Kawahara , Kazuya Takeda

In this paper, we introduce a unified estimator to analyze various treatment effects in causal inference, including but not limited to the average treatment effect (ATE) and the quantile treatment effect (QTE). The proposed estimator is…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-03-31 Kuan-Hsun Wu , Li-Pang Chen

Inferring causal individual treatment effect (ITE) from observational data is a challenging problem whose difficulty is exacerbated by the presence of treatment assignment bias. In this work, we propose a new way to estimate the ITE using…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-16 Abhin Shah , Kartik Ahuja , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Dennis Wei , Kush Varshney , Amit Dhurandhar

The burden of diseases is rising worldwide, with unequal treatment efficacy for patient populations that are underrepresented in clinical trials. Healthcare, however, is driven by the average population effect of medical treatments and,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-08 Ghadeer O. Ghosheh , Moritz Gögl , Tingting Zhu

Reliable estimation of treatment effects from observational data is important in many disciplines such as medicine. However, estimation is challenging when unconfoundedness as a standard assumption in the causal inference literature is…

Given a dataset of individuals each described by a covariate vector, a treatment, and an observed outcome on the treatment, the goal of the individual treatment effect (ITE) estimation task is to predict outcome changes resulting from a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Lokesh Nagalapatti , Pranava Singhal , Avishek Ghosh , Sunita Sarawagi

We consider the problem of estimating the effects of a binary treatment on a continuous outcome of interest from observational data in the absence of confounding by unmeasured factors. We provide a new estimator of the population average…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-08-04 James Robins , Mariela Sued , Quanhong Lei-Gomez , Andrea Rotnitzky

Real-World Data (RWD), with its large sample sizes and rich clinical detail, offers a compelling alternative to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for studying treatment effects in diverse and complex patient populations. However, its…

应用统计 · 统计学 2026-05-26 Yifei Xu , Hwiyoung Lee , Zhenyao Ye , Yezhi Pan , Jingsong Zhou , Yun Yang , Chixiang Chen , Shuo Chen

Multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs) are central to global drug development, enabling evaluation of treatment effects across diverse populations. A key challenge is valid and efficient inference for a region-specific estimand when the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-02-04 Chenxi Li , Ke Zhu , Shu Yang , Xiaofei Wang

From personalised medicine to targeted advertising, it is an inherent task to provide a sequence of decisions with historical covariates and outcome data. This requires understanding of both the dynamics and heterogeneity of treatment…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-06-22 Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Yi Yu