相关论文: A stochastic noise model based excess noise factor…
Multilayer graded-bandgap avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are the future deterministic photomultipliers, owing to their deterministic amplification with twofold stepwise gain via impact ionization when operated in the staircase regime. Yet,…
Solid-state devices such as multistep staircase avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are analogues to the photomultiplier tubes and are considered as a cascade-amplifier. The major source of internal noise in these APDs is due to the randomness in…
Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are the semiconducting analogue of photomultiplier tubes offering very high internal current gain and fast response. APDs are interesting for a wide range of applications in communications1, laser ranging2,…
The signal-to-noise ratio of a multistage cascade network is often estimated using the well-known Friis' formulas for noise factors (or the noise figures in decibels). However, this article addresses the major errors in Friis' noise factor…
We present a method designed to efficiently extract optical signals from InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operated in gated mode. In particular, our method permits an estimation of the fraction of counts which actually results from the…
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM), also so-called Solid State Photomultipliers (SSPM), are based on Geiger mode avalanche breakdown limited by strong negative feedback. SSPM can detect and resolve single photons due to high gain and ultra-low…
The signal-to-noise ratio of a multistage cascade network is often estimated using Friis formulas for noise factors (or the noise figures in decibel). In this letter, the correct formulas to calculate the stage-wise noise factors and the…
The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases, notably CH4 and CO2, has fueled global temperature increases, intensifying concerns regarding the prevailing climate crisis. Effectively monitoring these gases demands a detector spanning…
Avalanche photodiode (APD) has been intensively investigated as a promising candidate to replace photomultiplier tubes (PMT) for weak light detection. However, in conventional APDs, a large portion of carrier energy drawn from the electric…
A measurement system for determining the gain distributions of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) in a low gain range is presented. The system is based on an ultralow-noise charge--sensitive amplifier and detects the output carriers from an APD.…
A series of III-V ternary and quarternary digital alloy avalanche photodiodes (APDs) have recently been seen to exhibit very low excess noise. Using band inversion of an environment-dependent atomistic tight binding description of short…
Avalanche photodetectors (APDs) are key components in optical communication systems due to their increased photocurrent gain and short response time as compared to conventional photodetectors. A detector design where the multiplication…
InGaAs single-photon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are key enablers for high-bit rate quantum key distribution. However, the deviation of such detectors from ideal models can open side-channels for an eavesdropper, Eve, to exploit. The…
We study a model of two interacting levels that are attached to two electronic leads, where one of the levels is attached very weakly to the leads. We use rate equations method to calculate the average current and the noise of electrons…
In many applications such as medical imaging, the measurement data represent counts of photons hitting a detector. Such counts in low-photon settings are often modeled using a Poisson distribution. However, this model assumes that the mean…
We implement an electron avalanche photodiode (e-APD) in the MIRC-X instrument, upgrade of the 6-telescope near-infrared imager MIRC, at the CHARA array. This technology should improve the sensitivity of near-infrared interferometry. We…
Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are promising light sensor for various fields of experimental physics. It has been argued, however, that variation of APD gain with temperature could be a serious problem preventing APDs from replacing…
Photon-assisted tunneling arises under an ac bias, with the drive frequency setting the photon energy. The excess photon-assisted noise is defined as the difference between the shot noise under a combined dc and ac bias and that under a dc…
We propose a generic multistage stochastic model for the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (AC OPF) problem for radial distribution networks, to account for the random electricity production of renewable energy sources and dynamic…
The two-dimensional backward-facing step flow is a canonical example of noise amplifier flow: global linear stability analysis predicts that it is stable, but perturbations can undergo large amplification in space and time as a result of…