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Voice-enabled commercial products are ubiquitous, typically enabled by lightweight on-device keyword spotting (KWS) and full automatic speech recognition (ASR) in the cloud. ASR systems require significant computational resources in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-12-20 Raphael Tang , Gefei Yang , Hong Wei , Yajie Mao , Ferhan Ture , Jimmy Lin

Current keyword spotting systems primarily use phoneme-level matching to distinguish confusable words but ignore user-specific pronunciation traits like prosody (intonation, stress, rhythm). This paper presents ProKWS, a novel framework…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-20 Jianan Pan , Yuanming Zhang , Kejie Huang

Keyword spotting (KWS) enables speech-based user interaction and gradually becomes an indispensable component of smart devices. Recently, end-to-end (E2E) methods have become the most popular approach for on-device KWS tasks. However, there…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-11-01 Jie Wang , Menglong Xu , Jingyong Hou , Binbin Zhang , Xiao-Lei Zhang , Lei Xie , Fuping Pan

This paper presents a keyword spotting (KWS) system implemented on the NXP MCXN947 microcontroller with an integrated Neural Processing Unit (NPU), enabling real-time voice interaction on resource-constrained devices. The system combines…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Petar Jakuš , Hrvoje Džapo

The Transformer architecture has been successful across many domains, including natural language processing, computer vision and speech recognition. In keyword spotting, self-attention has primarily been used on top of convolutional or…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-04-11 Axel Berg , Mark O'Connor , Miguel Tairum Cruz

Keyword spotting (KWS) is one of the speech recognition tasks most sensitive to the quality of the feature representation. However, the research on KWS has traditionally focused on new model topologies, putting little emphasis on other…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-07-08 Douglas Baptista de Souza , Khaled Jamal Bakri , Fernanda Ferreira , Juliana Inacio

Existing keyword spotting (KWS) systems primarily rely on predefined keyword phrases. However, the ability to recognize customized keywords is crucial for tailoring interactions with intelligent devices. In this paper, we present a novel…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Zhenyu Wang , Shuyu Kong , Li Wan , Biqiao Zhang , Yiteng Huang , Mumin Jin , Ming Sun , Xin Lei , Zhaojun Yang

In this study, we develop the keyword spotting (KWS) and acoustic model (AM) components in a far-field speaker system. Specifically, we use teacher-student (T/S) learning to adapt a close-talk well-trained production AM to far-field by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-04-17 Jinyu Li , Rui Zhao , Zhuo Chen , Changliang Liu , Xiong Xiao , Guoli Ye , Yifan Gong

User-defined keyword spotting (KWS) enhances the user experience by allowing individuals to customize keywords. However, in open-vocabulary scenarios, most existing methods commonly suffer from high false alarm rates with confusable words…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-12-31 Li Kewei , Zhou Hengshun , Shen Kai , Dai Yusheng , Du Jun

We propose GE2E-KWS -- a generalized end-to-end training and evaluation framework for customized keyword spotting. Specifically, enrollment utterances are separated and grouped by keywords from the training batch and their embedding…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-06 Pai Zhu , Jacob W. Bartel , Dhruuv Agarwal , Kurt Partridge , Hyun Jin Park , Quan Wang

Custom keyword spotting (KWS) allows detecting user-defined spoken keywords from streaming audio. This is achieved by comparing the embeddings from voice enrollments and input audio. State-of-the-art custom KWS models are typically trained…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-06 Pai Zhu , Quan Wang , Dhruuv Agarwal , Kurt Partridge

Keyword spotting accuracy degrades when neural networks are exposed to noisy environments. On-site adaptation to previously unseen noise is crucial to recovering accuracy loss, and on-device learning is required to ensure that the…

声音 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Cristian Cioflan , Lukas Cavigelli , Manuele Rusci , Miguel de Prado , Luca Benini

Keyword spotting (KWS) and speaker verification (SV) have been studied independently although it is known that acoustic and speaker domains are complementary. In this paper, we propose a multi-task network that performs KWS and SV…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-08-10 Myunghun Jung , Youngmoon Jung , Jahyun Goo , Hoirin Kim

Keyword spotting (KWS) on mobile devices generally requires a small memory footprint. However, most current models still maintain a large number of parameters in order to ensure good performance. In this paper, we propose a temporally…

声音 · 计算机科学 2021-08-30 Shenghua Hu , Jing Wang , Yujun Wang , Wenjing Yang

Large size models are implemented in recently ASR system to deal with complex speech recognition problems. The num- ber of parameters in these models makes them hard to deploy, especially on some resource-short devices such as car tablet.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-07-10 Sihao Xue , Zhenyi Ying , Fan Mo , Min Wang , Jue Sun

To segment a signal into blocks to be analyzed, few-shot keyword spotting (KWS) systems often utilize a sliding window of fixed size. Because of the varying lengths of different keywords or their spoken instances, choosing the right window…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-12-15 Kevin Wilkinghoff , Alessia Cornaggia-Urrigshardt

In this paper, we propose a sequence-to-sequence model for keyword spotting (KWS). Compared with other end-to-end architectures for KWS, our model simplifies the pipelines of production-quality KWS system and satisfies the requirement of…

声音 · 计算机科学 2018-11-02 Haitong Zhang , Junbo Zhang , Yujun Wang

Few-shot keyword spotting (FS-KWS) models usually require large-scale annotated datasets to generalize to unseen target keywords. However, existing KWS datasets are limited in scale and gathering keyword-like labeled data is costly…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-09-06 Seunghan Yang , Byeonggeun Kim , Kyuhong Shim , Simyung Chang

In this paper, we propose DS-KWS, a two-stage framework for robust user-defined keyword spotting. It combines a CTC-based method with a streaming phoneme search module to locate candidate segments, followed by a QbyT-based method with a…

声音 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Zhiqi Ai , Han Cheng , Yuxin Wang , Shiyi Mu , Shugong Xu , Yongjin Zhou

One of the challenges in developing a high quality custom keyword spotting (KWS) model is the lengthy and expensive process of collecting training data covering a wide range of languages, phrases and speaking styles. We introduce Synth4Kws…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-06 Pai Zhu , Dhruuv Agarwal , Jacob W. Bartel , Kurt Partridge , Hyun Jin Park , Quan Wang