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Keyword spotting (KWS) is essential for voice-driven applications, demanding both accuracy and efficiency. Traditional ASR-based KWS methods, such as greedy and beam search, explore the entire search space without explicitly prioritizing…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-07-01 Yu Xi , Haoyu Li , Xiaoyu Gu , Yidi Jiang , Kai Yu

Spoken Keyword Spotting (KWS) is the task of distinguishing between the presence and absence of a keyword in audio. The accuracy of a KWS model hinges on its ability to correctly classify examples close to the keyword and non-keyword…

声音 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Harry Zhang , Kurt Partridge , Pai Zhu , Neng Chen , Hyun Jin Park , Dhruuv Agarwal , Quan Wang

Keyword Spotting (KWS) remains challenging to achieve the trade-off between small footprint and high accuracy. Recently proposed metric learning approaches improved the generalizability of models for the KWS task, and 1D-CNN based KWS…

声音 · 计算机科学 2021-08-13 Li Wang , Rongzhi Gu , Nuo Chen , Yuexian Zou

Small footprint embedded devices require keyword spotters (KWS) with small model size and detection latency for enabling voice assistants. Such a keyword is often referred to as \textit{wake word} as it is used to wake up voice assistant…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-06-16 Christin Jose , Yuriy Mishchenko , Thibaud Senechal , Anish Shah , Alex Escott , Shiv Vitaladevuni

Few-shot keyword spotting (KWS) aims to detect unknown keywords with limited training samples. A commonly used approach is the pre-training and fine-tuning framework. While effective in clean conditions, this approach struggles with mixed…

声音 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Junming Yuan , Ying Shi , LanTian Li , Dong Wang , Askar Hamdulla

Keyword Spotting (KWS) provides the start signal of ASR problem, and thus it is essential to ensure a high recall rate. However, its real-time property requires low computation complexity. This contradiction inspires people to find a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-11-07 Yixiao Qu , Sihao Xue , Zhenyi Ying , Hang Zhou , Jue Sun

The problem of keyword spotting i.e. identifying keywords in a real-time audio stream is mainly solved by applying a neural network over successive sliding windows. Due to the difficulty of the task, baseline models are usually large,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-11-19 Tom Véniat , Olivier Schwander , Ludovic Denoyer

Mainly for the sake of solving the lack of keyword-specific data, we propose one Keyword Spotting (KWS) system using Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Connectionist Temporal Classifier (CTC) on power-constrained small-footprint mobile devices,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2017-09-13 Zhiming Wang , Xiaolong Li , Jun Zhou

Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are beginning to benefit from large, public benchmarks. However, current benchmarks target relatively simple, foundational tasks like Speech Detection and Phoneme Classification, while…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Gereon Elvers , Gilad Landau , Oiwi Parker Jones

Keyword spotting (KWS) plays an essential role in enabling speech-based user interaction on smart devices, and conventional KWS (C-KWS) approaches have concentrated on detecting user-agnostic pre-defined keywords. However, in practice, most…

声音 · 计算机科学 2022-06-29 Seunghan Yang , Byeonggeun Kim , Inseop Chung , Simyung Chang

Thanks to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), the accuracy of Keyword Spotting (KWS) has made substantial progress. However, as KWS systems are usually implemented on edge devices, energy efficiency becomes a critical requirement besides…

声音 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Shuai Wang , Dehao Zhang , Kexin Shi , Yuchen Wang , Wenjie Wei , Jibin Wu , Malu Zhang

In this work we explore the latency and accuracy of keyword spotting (KWS) models in streaming and non-streaming modes on mobile phones. NN model conversion from non-streaming mode (model receives the whole input sequence and then returns…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-10-29 Oleg Rybakov , Natasha Kononenko , Niranjan Subrahmanya , Mirko Visontai , Stella Laurenzo

Recent advances in flexible keyword spotting (KWS) with text enrollment allow users to personalize keywords without uttering them during enrollment. However, there is still room for improvement in target keyword performance. In this work,…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-05-27 Youngmoon Jung , Jinyoung Lee , Seungjin Lee , Myunghun Jung , Yong-Hyeok Lee , Hoon-Young Cho

Customized keyword spotting (KWS) has great potential to be deployed on edge devices to achieve hands-free user experience. However, in real applications, false alarm (FA) would be a serious problem for spotting dozens or even hundreds of…

声音 · 计算机科学 2022-07-05 Zhanheng Yang , Sining Sun , Jin Li , Xiaoming Zhang , Xiong Wang , Long Ma , Lei Xie

Deep neural networks provide effective solutions to small-footprint keyword spotting (KWS). However, if training data is limited, it remains challenging to achieve robust and highly accurate KWS in real-world scenarios where unseen sounds…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-07-14 Menglong Xu , Shengqiang Li , Chengdong Liang , Xiao-Lei Zhang

The recognition of rare named entities, such as personal names and terminologies, is challenging for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, especially when they are not frequently observed in the training data. In this paper, we…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Yuang Li , Min Zhang , Chang Su , Yinglu Li , Xiaosong Qiao , Mengxin Ren , Miaomiao Ma , Daimeng Wei , Shimin Tao , Hao Yang

This paper introduces the system submitted by the DKU-SMIIP team for the Auto-KWS 2021 Challenge. Our implementation consists of a two-stage keyword spotting system based on query-by-example spoken term detection and a speaker verification…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-04-13 Yechen Wang , Yan Jia , Murong Ma , Zexin Cai , Ming Li

Keyword spotting (KWS) aims to discriminate a specific wake-up word from other signals precisely and efficiently for different users. Recent works utilize various deep networks to train KWS models with all users' speech data centralized…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-20 Xin-Chun Li , Jin-Lin Tang , Shaoming Song , Bingshuai Li , Yinchuan Li , Yunfeng Shao , Le Gan , De-Chuan Zhan

Open vocabulary keyword spotting is a crucial and challenging task in automatic speech recognition (ASR) that focuses on detecting user-defined keywords within a spoken utterance. Keyword spotting methods commonly map the audio utterance…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-09-18 Aviv Navon , Aviv Shamsian , Neta Glazer , Gill Hetz , Joseph Keshet

Customizable keyword spotting (KWS) in continuous speech has attracted increasing attention due to its real-world application potential. While contrastive learning (CL) has been widely used to extract keyword representations, previous CL…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-01-15 Yu Xi , Baochen Yang , Hao Li , Jiaqi Guo , Kai Yu