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Given data over the joint distribution of two random variables $X$ and $Y$, we consider the problem of inferring the most likely causal direction between $X$ and $Y$. In particular, we consider the general case where both $X$ and $Y$ may be…

机器学习 · 统计学 2017-10-17 Alexander Marx , Jilles Vreeken

Causal discovery methods can identify valid adjustment sets for causal effect estimation for a pair of target variables, even when the underlying causal graph is unknown. Global causal discovery methods focus on learning the whole causal…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-04-01 Mátyás Schubert , Tom Claassen , Sara Magliacane

Local causal discovery is of great practical significance, as there are often situations where the discovery of the global causal structure is unnecessary, and the interest lies solely on a single target variable. Most existing local…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-25 Haoyue Dai , Ignavier Ng , Yujia Zheng , Zhengqing Gao , Kun Zhang

Approaches to bivariate causal discovery based on the minimum description length (MDL) principle approximate the (uncomputable) Kolmogorov complexity of the models in each causal direction, selecting the one with the lower total complexity.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Tiago Brogueira , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

Causal discovery aims to learn causal relationships between variables from targeted data, making it a fundamental task in machine learning. However, causal discovery algorithms often rely on unverifiable causal assumptions, which are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Huiyang Yi , Yanyan He , Duxin Chen , Mingyu Kang , He Wang , Wenwu Yu

Discovering causal relationships from observational data, particularly in the presence of latent variables, poses a challenging problem. While current local structure learning methods have proven effective and efficient when the focus lies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Feng Xie , Zheng Li , Peng Wu , Yan Zeng , Chunchen Liu , Zhi Geng

The assumption of independence between observations (units) in a dataset is prevalent across various methodologies for learning causal graphical models. However, this assumption often finds itself in conflict with real-world data, posing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-31 Alex Chen , Qing Zhou

Inferring the causal structure of a set of random variables from a finite sample of the joint distribution is an important problem in science. Recently, methods using additive noise models have been suggested to approach the case of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2012-07-24 Jonas Peters , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schölkopf

Causal discovery in the presence of unobserved common causes from observational data only is a crucial but challenging problem. We categorize all possible causal relationships between two random variables into the following four categories…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-03-12 Masatoshi Kobayashi , Kohei Miyagichi , Shin Matsushima

Discovering causal relationships from observational data is a challenging task that relies on assumptions connecting statistical quantities to graphical or algebraic causal models. In this work, we focus on widely employed assumptions for…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-03-20 Jonas Wahl , Urmi Ninad , Jakob Runge

It is commonplace to encounter nonstationary data, of which the underlying generating process may change over time or across domains. The nonstationarity presents both challenges and opportunities for causal discovery. In this paper we…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2016-06-21 Kun Zhang , Biwei Huang , Jiji Zhang , Bernhard Schölkopf , Clark Glymour

Bidirectional causal relationships arising from mutual interactions between variables are commonly observed within biomedical, econometrical, and social science contexts. When such relationships are further complicated by unobserved…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-01-27 Yafang Deng , Kang Shuai , Shanshan Luo

An acyclic causal structure can be described with directed acyclic graph (DAG), where arrows indicate the possibility of direct causation. The task of learning this structure from data is known as "causal discovery." Diverse populations or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-17 Bijan Mazaheri , Spencer Gordon , Yuval Rabani , Leonard Schulman

Real world systems evolve in continuous-time according to their underlying causal relationships, yet their dynamics are often unknown. Existing approaches to learning such dynamics typically either discretize time -- leading to poor…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Nicholas Tagliapietra , Katharina Ensinger , Christoph Zimmer , Osman Mian

Given a response $Y$ and a vector $X = (X^1, \dots, X^d)$ of $d$ predictors, we investigate the problem of inferring direct causes of $Y$ among the vector $X$. Models for $Y$ that use all of its causal covariates as predictors enjoy the…

统计理论 · 数学 2020-03-12 Rune Christiansen , Jonas Peters

The paper addresses the problem of finding the causal direction between two associated variables. The proposed solution is to build an autoencoder of their joint distribution and to maximize its estimation capacity relative to both the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-12-09 Matthias Feiler

Count data naturally arise in many fields, such as finance, neuroscience, and epidemiology, and discovering causal structure among count data is a crucial task in various scientific and industrial scenarios. One of the most common…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-03-26 Jie Qiao , Yu Xiang , Zhengming Chen , Ruichu Cai , Zhifeng Hao

We consider the problem of inferring causal relationships between two or more passively observed variables. While the problem of such causal discovery has been extensively studied especially in the bivariate setting, the majority of current…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-04-22 Ricardo Pio Monti , Kun Zhang , Aapo Hyvarinen

Learning causal relationships between pairs of complex traits from observational studies is of great interest across various scientific domains. However, most existing methods assume the absence of unmeasured confounding and restrict causal…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-07-17 Wei Li , Rui Duan , Sai Li

The ability to understand causality from data is one of the major milestones of human-level intelligence. Causal Discovery (CD) algorithms can identify the cause-effect relationships among the variables of a system from related…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-03-14 Uzma Hasan , Emam Hossain , Md Osman Gani