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Transformers have achieved remarkable success in sequence modeling and beyond but suffer from quadratic computational and memory complexities with respect to the length of the input sequence. Leveraging techniques include sparse and linear…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-02 Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Robert M. Kirby , Stanley J. Osher , Bao Wang

We show that for product sources, rate splitting is optimal for secret key agreement using limited one-way communication between two terminals. This yields an alternative information-theoretic-converse-style proof of the tensorization…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2016-04-26 Jingbo Liu , Paul Cuff , Sergio Verdú

Large Language Models (LLMs) face limitations due to the high demand on GPU memory and computational resources when handling long contexts. While sparsify the Key-Value (KV) cache of transformer model is a typical strategy to alleviate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-06 Yumeng Wang , Zhenyang Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable comprehension abilities but face challenges in GPU memory usage during inference, hindering their scalability for real-time applications like chatbots. To accelerate inference, we store…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-06 Dongjie Yang , XiaoDong Han , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Shilin Zhang , Hai Zhao

The Key-Value (KV) cache, which stores intermediate attention computations (Key and Value pairs) to avoid redundant calculations, is a fundamental mechanism for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference. However, this efficiency…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Zhifan Luo , Shuo Shao , Su Zhang , Lijing Zhou , Yuke Hu , Chenxu Zhao , Zhihao Liu , Zhan Qin

Dynamic sparse attention (DSA) reduces the per-token attention bandwidth by restricting computation to a top-k subset of cached key-value (KV) entries, but its token-dependent selection pattern introduces a system-level challenge: the KV…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Noam Levy

Chunk-wise autoregressive video diffusion models rely on a KV cache of previously generated chunks to avoid redundant computation, but this cache quickly becomes a memory bottleneck as videos grow longer. Methods that quantize the KV cache…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Tuna Tuncer , Felix Becker , Thomas Pfeil

Transformers process tokens in parallel but are temporally shallow: at position $t$, each layer attends to key-value pairs computed based on the previous layer, yielding a depth capped by the number of layers. Recurrent models offer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Costin-Andrei Oncescu , Depen Morwani , Samy Jelassi , Alexandru Meterez , Mujin Kwun , Sham Kakade

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a critical and fast-growing extension of Large Language Models (LLMs) that enable multimodal reasoning through both text and image inputs. Although VLMs enrich the capabilities of language…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Yingbing Huang , Tharun Adithya Srikrishnan , Steven K. Reinhardt , Deming Chen

Recent reasoning large language models (LLMs) excel in complex tasks but encounter significant computational and memory challenges due to long sequence lengths. KV cache compression has emerged as an effective approach to greatly enhance…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Mengqi Liao , Lu Wang , Chaoyun Zhang , Zekai Shen , Xiaowei Mao , Si Qin , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Huaiyu Wan

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) cache context as key-value (KV) pairs during inference. As context length grows, KV cache sizes expand, leading to substantial memory overhead and increased attention latency. This paper…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Jang-Hyun Kim , Jinuk Kim , Sangwoo Kwon , Jae W. Lee , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song

The long-output context generation of large reasoning models enables extended chain of thought (CoT) but also drives rapid growth of the key-value (KV) cache, quickly overwhelming GPU memory. To address this challenge, we propose ThinKV, a…

The advent of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized various natural language processing tasks. These models predominantly employ an auto-regressive decoding mechanism that utilizes Key-Value (KV) caches to eliminate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-12 Hao Yu , Zelan Yang , Shen Li , Yong Li , Jianxin Wu

We present Key-Value Means ("KVM"), a novel block-recurrence for attention that can accommodate either fixed-size or growing state. Equipping a strong transformer baseline with fixed-size KVM attention layers yields a strong $O(N)$ chunked…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Daniel Goldstein , Eugene Cheah

Encoder-decoder models offer substantial inference-time savings over decoder-only models, but their pretraining objectives suffer from sparse supervision and dynamic sequence lengths, keeping them out of practice at scale. We propose…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Asher Labovich , Benjamin Bradley , Vanessa Alexander , Chaitanya Harsha

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a unified framework for robotic perception and control, but their ability to scale to real-world, long-horizon tasks is limited by the high computational cost of attention and the large memory…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Wanshun Xu , Long Zhuang , Lianlei Shan

Key-Value (KV) cache has become a de facto component of modern Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) for inference. While it enhances decoding efficiency in Large Language Models (LLMs), its direct adoption in LVLMs introduces substantial…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Xihao Chen , Yangyang Guo , Roger Zimmermann

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across a wide range of practical applications. However, long-context inference remains a significant challenge due to the substantial memory requirements…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Xubin He , Sheng Di , Sian Jin

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in processing long contexts due to the linear growth of the key-value (KV) cache and quadratic complexity of self-attention. Existing approaches address these bottlenecks separately:…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Qiuwu Chen , Ying Sun , Shuhai Zhang , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

Tensors provide a robust framework for managing high-dimensional data. Consequently, tensor analysis has emerged as an active research area in various domains, including machine learning, signal processing, computer vision, graph analysis,…

统计计算 · 统计学 2025-10-01 Michele Gallo