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We propose novel attention architectures, Multi-matrix Factorization Attention (MFA) and MFA-Key-Reuse (MFA-KR). Existing variants for standard Multi-Head Attention (MHA), including SOTA methods like MLA, fail to maintain as strong…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Jingcheng Hu , Houyi Li , Yinmin Zhang , Zili Wang , Shuigeng Zhou , Xiangyu Zhang , Heung-Yeung Shum , Daxin Jiang

Memory and computation remain core bottlenecks in long-horizon LLM inference due to the quadratic cost of self-attention and the ever-growing key-value (KV) cache. Existing strategies for memory-bounded inference, such as quantization,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Ngoc Bui , Shubham Sharma , Simran Lamba , Saumitra Mishra , Rex Ying

Accommodating long sequences efficiently in autoregressive Transformers, especially within an extended context window, poses significant challenges due to the quadratic computational complexity and substantial KV memory requirements…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Chao Lou , Zixia Jia , Zilong Zheng , Kewei Tu

Transformer models have driven breakthroughs across various language tasks by their strong capability to learn rich contextual representations. Scaling them to improve representation, however, often demands substantial memory and compute…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Zhoutong Wu , Yuan Zhang , Yiming Dong , Chenheng Zhang , Cong Fang , Kun Yuan , Zhouchen Lin

Vision-language models (VLMs) show remarkable performance in multimodal tasks. However, excessively long multimodal inputs lead to oversized Key-Value (KV) caches, resulting in significant memory consumption and I/O bottlenecks. Previous KV…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Zunhai Su , Wang Shen , Linge Li , Zhe Chen , Hanyu Wei , Huangqi Yu , Kehong Yuan

Tensor Attention, a multi-view attention that is able to capture high-order correlations among multiple modalities, can overcome the representational limitations of classical matrix attention. However, the $O(n^3)$ time complexity of tensor…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Yang Cao , Yingyu Liang , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song

Tensor train (TT) decomposition provides a space-efficient representation for higher-order tensors. Despite its advantage, we face two crucial limitations when we apply the TT decomposition to machine learning problems: the lack of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2017-08-03 Masaaki Imaizumi , Takanori Maehara , Kohei Hayashi

When key-value (KV) stores use SSDs for storing a large number of items, oftentimes they also require large in-memory data structures including indices and caches to be traversed to reduce IOs. This paper considers offloading most of such…

Efficient key-value (KV) cache management is crucial for the practical deployment of large language models (LLMs), yet existing compression techniques often incur a trade-off between performance degradation and computational overhead. We…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Jang-Hyun Kim , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun

This paper introduces a novel approach, the Bounded-Cache Transformer (BCT), for building large language models with a predefined Key-Value (KV) cache capacity. The BCT addresses the excessive memory consumption issue in traditional KV…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-28 Zhonghua Yi , Ge Niu , Lei Wang , Wei Tang , Liqiu Zhang

Key--value (KV) caching enables fast autoregressive decoding but at long contexts becomes a dominant bottleneck in High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) capacity and bandwidth. A common mitigation is to compress cached keys and values by projecting…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can theoretically support extensive context windows, their actual deployment is constrained by the linear growth of Key-Value (KV) cache memory. Prevailing compression strategies mitigate this through…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Aryan Sood , Tanvi Sharma , Vansh Agrawal

Slim attention shrinks the context memory size by 2x for transformer models with MHA (multi-head attention), which can speed up inference by up to 2x for large context windows. Slim attention is an exact, mathematically identical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Nils Graef , Andrew Wasielewski

KV cache eviction has emerged as an effective solution to alleviate resource constraints faced by LLMs in long-context scenarios. However, existing token-level eviction methods often overlook two critical aspects: (1) their irreversible…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Yi Zhao , Yajuan Peng , Cam-Tu Nguyen , Zuchao Li , Xiaoliang Wang , Hai Zhao , Xiaoming Fu

The development of large language models (LLMs) has significantly expanded model sizes, resulting in substantial GPU memory requirements during inference. The key and value storage of the attention map in the KV (key-value) cache accounts…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Yifei Yang , Zouying Cao , Qiguang Chen , Libo Qin , Dongjie Yang , Hai Zhao , Zhi Chen

Tensor Attention extends traditional attention mechanisms by capturing high-order correlations across multiple modalities, addressing the limitations of classical matrix-based attention. Meanwhile, Rotary Position Embedding…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-25 Xiaoyu Li , Yingyu Liang , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Mingda Wan

Long-context ability, has become one of the most important iteration direction of next-generation Large Language Models, particularly in semantic understanding/reasoning, code agentic intelligence and recommendation system. However, the…

Incorporating external knowledge in large language models (LLMs) enhances their utility across diverse applications, but existing methods have trade-offs. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) fetches evidence via similarity search, but key…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Giulio Corallo , Orion Weller , Fabio Petroni , Paolo Papotti

Test-time training (TTT) with KV binding as sequence modeling layer is commonly interpreted as a form of online meta-learning that memorizes a key-value mapping at test time. However, our analysis reveals multiple phenomena that contradict…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Junchen Liu , Sven Elflein , Or Litany , Zan Gojcic , Ruilong Li

We study the problem of operating a quantum switch with memory constraints. In particular, the switch has to allocate quantum memories to clients to generate link-level entanglements (LLEs), and then use these to serve end-to-end…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-04-24 Panagiotis Promponas , Víctor Valls , Leandros Tassiulas