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In large language models performing long-form reasoning, the KV cache grows rapidly with decode length, creating bottlenecks in memory and inference stability. Existing reasoning-oriented KV compression has mostly followed an…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Buseong Kim , Heejun Gwon

Under modern test-time compute and agentic paradigms, language models process ever-longer sequences. Efficient text generation with transformer architectures is increasingly constrained by the Key-Value cache memory footprint and bandwidth.…

Agentic code tasks such as fault localization and patch generation require processing long codebases under tight memory constraints, where the Key-Value (KV) cache becomes the primary inference bottleneck. Existing compression methods rely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Qiujiang Chen , Jing Xiong , Chenyang Zhao , Sidi Yang , Ngai Wong

Large language models(LLMs) have sparked a new wave of exciting AI applications. Hosting these models at scale requires significant memory resources. One crucial memory bottleneck for the deployment stems from the context window. It is…

Large Language Models capable of handling extended contexts are in high demand, yet their inference remains challenging due to substantial Key-Value cache size and high memory bandwidth requirements. Previous research has demonstrated that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Junlin Mu , Hantao Huang , Jihang Zhang , Minghui Yu , Tao Wang , Yidong Li

Vision-Language Large Models (VLLMs) face significant efficiency challenges when processing high-resolution inputs. The quadratic complexity in attention and autoregressive generation, as well as the constantly growing key value (KV) cache…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Zhonghua Jiang , Kunxi Li , Yiyun Zhou , Sihao Liu , Zhaode Wang , Chengfei lv , Shengyu Zhang

In this work, we revisit algorithms for Tensor PCA: given an order-$r$ tensor of the form $T = G+\lambda \cdot v^{\otimes r}$ where $G$ is a random symmetric Gaussian tensor with unit variance entries and $v$ is an unknown boolean vector in…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Pravesh K. Kothari , Jeff Xu

While Transformer models have achieved remarkable success in various domains, the effectiveness of information propagation through deep networks remains a critical challenge. Standard hidden state residuals often fail to adequately preserve…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Zhanchao Zhou , Tianyi Wu , Zhiyun Jiang , Fares Obeid , Zhenzhong Lan

Key-Value (KV) Caching has become an essential technique for accelerating the inference speed and throughput of generative Large Language Models~(LLMs). However, the memory footprint of the KV cache poses a critical bottleneck in LLM…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-29 June Yong Yang , Byeongwook Kim , Jeongin Bae , Beomseok Kwon , Gunho Park , Eunho Yang , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Transformer has been widely-used in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks and the scaled dot-product attention between tokens is a core module of Transformer. This attention is a token-wise design and its complexity is quadratic to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-08-13 Shuai Zhang , Peng Zhang , Xindian Ma , Junqiu Wei , Ningning Wang , Qun Liu

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is increasingly constrained by memory bandwidth, with frequent access to the key-value (KV) cache dominating data movement. While attention sparsity reduces some memory traffic, the relevance of past…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Yunhua Fang , Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Naigang Wang , Meng Wang , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) excel at processing long sequences, boosting demand for key-value (KV) caching. While recent efforts to evict KV cache have alleviated the inference burden, they often fail to allocate resources rationally…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-25 Ziran Qin , Yuchen Cao , Mingbao Lin , Wen Hu , Shixuan Fan , Ke Cheng , Weiyao Lin , Jianguo Li

The expanding long-context capabilities of large language models are constrained by a significant memory bottleneck: the key-value (KV) cache required for autoregressive generation. This bottleneck is substantial; for instance, a…

Visual Autoregressive (VAR) modeling has garnered significant attention for its innovative next-scale prediction approach, which yields substantial improvements in efficiency, scalability, and zero-shot generalization. Nevertheless, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Kunjun Li , Zigeng Chen , Cheng-Yen Yang , Jenq-Neng Hwang

This work introduces a new Transformer model called Cached Transformer, which uses Gated Recurrent Cached (GRC) attention to extend the self-attention mechanism with a differentiable memory cache of tokens. GRC attention enables attending…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-21 Zhaoyang Zhang , Wenqi Shao , Yixiao Ge , Xiaogang Wang , Jinwei Gu , Ping Luo

Large language models (LLMs) can now handle longer sequences of tokens, enabling complex tasks like book understanding and generating lengthy novels. However, the key-value (KV) cache required for LLMs consumes substantial memory as context…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-13 Haojie Duanmu , Zhihang Yuan , Xiuhong Li , Jiangfei Duan , Xingcheng Zhang , Dahua Lin

Autoregressive language models rely on a Key-Value (KV) Cache, which avoids re-computing past hidden states during generation, making it faster. As model sizes and context lengths grow, the KV Cache becomes a significant memory bottleneck,…

The quadratic computational complexity of the standard attention mechanism constitutes a fundamental bottleneck for large language models in long-context inference. While existing KV cache compression methods alleviate memory pressure, they…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Jinyu Guo , Zhihan Zhang , Jiehui Xie , Md. Tamim Iqbal , Dongshen Han , Lik-Hang Lee , Sung-Ho Bae , Jie Zou , Yang Yang , Chaoning Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are typically served from clusters of GPUs/NPUs that consist of large number of devices. Unfortunately, communication between these devices incurs significant overhead, increasing the inference latency and cost…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Ahmet Caner Yüzügüler , Jiawei Zhuang , Lukas Cavigelli

We consider the time and space required for quantum computers to solve a wide variety of problems involving matrices, many of which have only been analyzed classically in prior work. Our main results show that for a range of linear algebra…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Paul Beame , Niels Kornerup , Michael Whitmeyer