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Using public pulse time-of-arrival data from five pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), we search for a stationary, isotropic, and unpolarized nHz stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). This analysis is more sensitive than previous…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2026-04-29 Wang-Wei Yu , Bruce Allen

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) will enable the detection of nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) from a population of supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) in the next $\sim 3-7$ years. In addition, PTAs provide a rare opportunity to probe…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2019-07-12 Xavier Siemens , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Paul T. Baker , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Dustin Madison , Chiara Mingarelli , Joseph Simon , Tristan Smith

The recent announcement of evidence for a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWB) in pulsar timing array (PTA) data has piqued interest across the scientific community. A combined analysis of all currently available data holds…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2025-09-01 Serena Valtolina , Rutger van Haasteren

Gravitational wave (GW) searches using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are commonly assumed to be limited to a GW frequency of $\lesssim 4\times 10^{-7}$Hz given by the Nyquist rate associated with the average observational cadence of $2$ weeks…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-04-01 Xuan Tao , Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) use high accuracy timing of a collection of low timing noise pulsars to search for gravitational waves in the microhertz to nanohertz frequency band. The sensitivity of such a PTA depends on (a) the direction of…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-03-17 Brian J. Burt , Andrea N. Lommen , Lee Samuel Finn

We develop a unified framework for testing gravity beyond General Relativity (GR) with continuous gravitational waves (CWs) from individual supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). These long-lived, nearly monochromatic nanohertz signals…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-05-08 Qinyuan Zheng , Bjorn Larsen , Ellis Eisenberg , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli

A pulsar timing array (PTA) refers to a program of regular, high-precision timing observations of a widely distributed array of millisecond pulsars. Here we review the status of the three primary PTA projects and the joint International…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2019-04-03 George Hobbs , Shi Dai

Pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations recently presented evidence for a gravitational-wave background (GWB) signal at nanohertz frequencies. In this paper, we introduce new refitting techniques for PTA data analysis that elevate related…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-07-01 David Esmyol , Antonio J. Iovino , Kai Schmitz

We demonstrate how pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can, in principle, yield a purely gravitational wave (GW) measurement of the luminosity distance and comoving distance to a supermassive black hole binary source, hence providing an estimate of…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2021-09-15 Daniel J. D'Orazio , Abraham Loeb

We have considered the propagation of gravitational waves (GW) in de Sitter space time and how a non-zero value of the cosmological constant might affect their detection in pulsar timing arrays (PTA). If {\Lambda} is different from zero…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2013-02-28 Domènec Espriu , Daniel Puigdomènech

The Hellings-Downs (HD) curve plays a crucial role in search for nano-hertz gravitational waves (GWs) with pulsar timing arrays. We discuss the angular pattern of correlations for pulsar pairs within a celestial hemisphere. The…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2024-07-03 Tatsuya Sasaki , Kohei Yamauchi , Shun Yamamoto , Hideki Asada

Pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to gravitational wave perturbations produced by individual supermassive black hole binaries during their early inspiral phase. Modified gravity theories allow for the emission of gravitational dipole…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2019-07-03 Logan O'Beirne , Neil J. Cornish , Sarah J. Vigeland , Stephen R. Taylor

Observing and timing a group of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with high rotational stability enables the direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs). The GW signals can be identified from the spatial correlations encoded in the…

Searches for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using pulsar timing arrays look for correlations in the timing residuals induced by the background across the pulsars in the array. The correlation signature of an isotropic,…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2015-03-30 Fredrick A. Jenet , Joseph D. Romano

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have recently found evidence for a nanohertz-frequency stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). Constraining its spectral characteristics will reveal its origins. To achieve this, we must understand how…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-11-15 William G. Lamb , Stephen R. Taylor , Rutger van Haasteren

Strong evidence for the Helling-Downs correlation curves have been reported by multiple pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations in middle 2023. In this work, we investigate the graviton mass bounds by analyzing the observational data of…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2024-03-20 Sai Wang , Zhi-Chao Zhao

Pulsar timing array (PTA) provides an excellent opportunity to detect the gravitational waves (GWs) in nanoHertz frequency band. In particular, due to the larger number of "arms" in PTA, it can be used to test gravity by probing the…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2019-03-29 Rui Niu , Wen Zhao

Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are seeking gravitational waves from supermassive-black-hole binaries, and there are prospects to complement these searches with stellar-astrometry measurements. Theorists still disagree, however, as to whether…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2020-06-19 Selim C. Hotinli , Marc Kamionkowski , Andrew H. Jaffe

The sensitivity of ongoing searches for gravitational wave (GW) sources in the ultra-low frequency regime ($10^{-9}$ Hz to $10^{-7}$ Hz) using Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) will continue to increase in the future as more well-timed pulsars…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2022-07-22 Yi-Qian Qian , Soumya D. Mohanty , Yan Wang

Recent pulsar timing array (PTA) analyses show evidence for a gravitational wave background (GWB) with angular correlations consistent with the Hellings-Downs curve. Anisotropies are a key discriminator of the origin of this GWB, as they…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-09-01 Valerie Domcke , Gabriele Franciolini , Mauro Pieroni