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The rapid growth of Blockchain and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has introduced new challenges and vulnerabilities that threaten the integrity and efficiency of the ecosystem. This study identifies critical issues such as Transaction Order…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Xiongfei Zhao , Hou-Wan Long , Zhengzhe Li , Jiangchuan Liu , Yain-Whar Si

As the number of decentralized applications and users on Ethereum grows, the ability of the blockchain to efficiently handle a growing number of transactions becomes increasingly strained. Ethereums current execution model relies heavily on…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-04-03 Souradeep Das , Konpat Preechakul , Jonas Bäumer , Riddhi Patel , Jefferson Jinchuan Li

We analyze maximal extractable value in multiple concurrent proposer blockchains, where multiple blocks become data available before their final execution order is determined. This concurrency breaks the single builder assumption of…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Steven Landers , Benjamin Marsh

Strategies related to the blockchain concept of Extractable Value (MEV/BEV), such as arbitrage, front-, or back-running create strong economic incentives for network nodes to reduce latency. Modified nodes, that minimize transaction…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Taro Tsuchiya , Liyi Zhou , Kaihua Qin , Arthur Gervais , Nicolas Christin

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) has become a critical issue for blockchain ecosystems, as it enables validators or block proposers to extract value by ordering, including or censoring users' transactions. This paper aims to present a formal…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2023-06-30 Bruno Mazorra , Nicolás Della Penna

Decentralized Finance, mushrooming in permissionless blockchains, has attracted a recent surge in popularity. Due to the transparency of permissionless blockchains, opportunistic traders can compete to earn revenue by extracting Miner…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-12-05 Zihao Li , Jianfeng Li , Zheyuan He , Xiapu Luo , Ting Wang , Xiaoze Ni , Wenwu Yang , Xi Chen , Ting Chen

Layer-2 (L2) blockchains inherit Ethereums security guarantees while reducing gas fees. As a result, they are gaining traction among traders at Automated Market Makers (AMMs), sparking debate over whether they contribute to liquidity…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-03-14 Krzysztof Gogol , Manvir Schneider , Claudio Tessone , Benjamin Livshits

Block space on the blockchain is scarce and must be allocated efficiently through block building. However, Ethereum's current block-building ecosystem, MEV-Boost, has become highly centralized due to integration, which distorts competition,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Mengqian Zhang , Sen Yang , Kartik Nayak , Fan Zhang

As a key enabler of Web3, Ethereum has long faced scalability challenges. The recent EIP-4844 upgrade aims to alleviate the scalability issue by introducing the ''blob'', a new data structure for Layer-2 rollups that enables off-chain…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Yue Huang , Shuzheng Wang , Yuming Huang , Gareth Tyson , Huayi Duan , Jing Tang

The scalability limitations of public blockchains have hindered their widespread adoption in real-world applications. While the Ethereum community is pushing forward in zk-rollup (zero-knowledge rollup) solutions, such as introducing the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Chengpeng Huang , Rui Song , Shang Gao , Yu Guo , Bin Xiao

The Ethereum block-building process has changed significantly since the emergence of Proposer-Builder Separation. Validators access blocks through a marketplace, where block builders bid for the right to construct the block and earn MEV…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Fei Wu , Thomas Thiery , Stefanos Leonardos , Carmine Ventre

This paper provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of the economics and dynamics behind arbitrages between centralized and decentralized exchanges (CEX-DEX) on Ethereum. We refine heuristics to identify arbitrage transactions from…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Fei Wu , Danning Sui , Thomas Thiery , Mallesh Pai

Maximum extractable value (MEV) has been extensively studied. In most papers, the researchers have worked with the Ethereum blockchain almost exclusively. Even though, Ethereum and other blockchains have dynamic gas prices this is not the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-03-09 Facundo Carrillo , Elaine Hu

MEV attacks have been an omnipresent evil in the blockchain world, an implicit tax that uninformed users pay for using the service. The problem arises from the miners' ability to reorder and insert arbitrary transactions in the blocks they…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-11-29 Dev Churiwala , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

Maximal extractable value (MEV) in which block proposers unethically gain profits by manipulating the order in which transactions are included within a block, is a key challenge facing blockchains such as Ethereum today. Left unchecked, MEV…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-16 Yifan Mao , Mengya Zhang , Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan , Zhiqiang Lin

This Systematization of Knowledge (SoK) provides a comprehensive historical analysis of Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) in blockchain systems, tracing its conceptual evolution through three distinct eras. We organize the fragmented…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Davide Mancino , Hasret Ozan Sevim

There has been a growing interest in shared sequencing solutions, in which transactions for multiple rollups are processed together. Their proponents argue that these solutions allow for better composability and can potentially increase…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Maria Inês Silva , Benjamin Livshits

Block production on the Ethereum blockchain has adopted an auction-based mechanism known as Proposer--Builder Separation (PBS), where validators outsource block creation to builders competing in MEV--Boost auctions for Maximal Extractable…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Fei Wu , Thomas Thiery , Stefanos Leonardos , Carmine Ventre

This paper studies the market structure impact of cheaper and faster chains on the Uniswap v3 Protocol. The Uniswap Protocol is the largest decentralized application on Ethereum by both gas and blockspace used, and user behaviors of the…

交易与市场微观结构 · 定量金融 2024-03-18 Austin Adams

Rollups have become the de facto scalability solution for Ethereum, securing more than $55B in assets. They achieve scale by executing transactions on a Layer 2 ledger, while periodically posting data and finalizing state on the Layer 1,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Stefanos Chaliasos , Conner Swann , Sina Pilehchiha , Nicolas Mohnblatt , Benjamin Livshits , Assimakis Kattis