相关论文: A Generalized Logrank-type Test for Comparison of …

This paper reviews and compares methods to assess treatment effect heterogeneity in the context of parametric regression models. These methods include the standard likelihood ratio tests, bootstrap likelihood ratio tests, and Goeman's…

Tasks requiring deductive reasoning, especially those involving multiple steps, often demand adaptive strategies such as intermediate generation of rationales or programs, as no single approach is universally optimal. While Language Models…

Randomized experiments are considered the gold standard for estimating causal effects. However, out of the set of possible randomized assignments, some may be likely to produce poor effect estimates and misleading conclusions. Restricted…

Studies to compare the survival of two or more groups using time-to-event data are of high importance in medical research. The gold standard is the log-rank test, which is optimal under proportional hazards. As the latter is no simple…

This paper presents the foundations of a computer oriented approach for preparing a list of random treatment assignments to be adopted in randomised controlled trials. Software is presented which can be applied in the earliest stage of…

Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) are commonly used to analyze clustered data, but when the number of clusters is small to moderate, standard statistical tests may produce elevated type I error rates. Small-sample corrections have been…

Two different approaches to analysis of data from diagnostic biomarker studies are commonly employed. Logistic regression is used to fit models for probability of disease given marker values, while ROC curves and risk distributions are used…

Causal analyses for observational studies are often complicated by covariate imbalances among treatment groups, and matching methodologies alleviate this complication by finding subsets of treatment groups that exhibit covariate balance. It…

Group sequential design (GSD) is widely used in clinical trials in which correlated tests of multiple hypotheses are used. Multiple primary objectives resulting in tests with known correlations include evaluating 1) multiple experimental…

We present a probabilistic ranking model to identify the optimal treatment in multiple-response experiments. In contemporary practice, treatments are applied over individuals with the goal of achieving multiple ideal properties on them…

Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) play an increasingly important role in psychological and behavioral health research. This experimental approach enables researchers to answer scientific questions about how to…

There is a growing interest in the implementation of platform trials, which provide the flexibility to incorporate new treatment arms during the trial and the ability to halt treatments early based on lack of benefit or observed…

What proportion of treated units actually benefited from an experimental intervention? What is the median or the largest individual treatment effect? This paper develops methods for answering such questions about the distribution of…

In confirmatory clinical trials, survival outcomes are frequently studied and interim analyses for efficacy and/or futility are often desirable. Methods such as the log rank test and Cox regression model are commonly used to compare…

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are sequences of decision rules to guide treatment assignments in response to a patient's evolving, time-varying disease status. Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) are considered the…

Delayed separation of survival curves is a common occurrence in confirmatory studies in immuno-oncology. Many novel statistical methods that aim to efficiently capture potential long-term survival improvements have been proposed in recent…

We propose a new class of weighted logrank tests (WLRT) that control the risk of concluding that a new drug is more efficacious than standard of care, when, in fact, it is uniformly inferior. Perhaps surprisingly, this risk is not…

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) present a significant global health challenge, characterized by cognitive decline, functional impairment, and other debilitating effects. Current AD clinical trials often assess…

Reliable brain tumor segmentation in MRI is indispensable for treatment planning and outcome monitoring, yet models trained on curated benchmarks often fail under domain shifts arising from scanner and protocol variability as well as…

Single-arm studies in the early development phases of new treatments are not uncommon in the context of rare diseases or in paediatrics. If an assessment of efficacy is to be made at the end of such a study, the observed endpoints can be…