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The idea of the modal expansion in electromagnetics is derived from the research on electromagnetic resonators, which play an essential role in developments in nanophotonics. All of the electromagnetic resonators share a common property:…

Modal analysis based on the quasi-normal modes (QNM), also called resonant states, has emerged as a promising way for modeling the resonant interaction of light with open optical cavities. However, the fields associated with QNM in open…

In this Review, the theory and applications of optical micro and nanoresonators are presented from the underlying concept of their natural resonances, the so-called quasi-normal modes (QNMs). The latter are the basic constituents governing…

A quasimodal expansion method (QMEM) is developed to model and understand the scattering properties of arbitrary shaped two-dimensional (2-D) open structures. In contrast with the bounded case which have only discrete spectrum (real in the…

Quasinormal mode (QNM) expansion is a popular tool to analyze light-matter interaction in nanoresonators. However, expanding far-field quantities such as the energy flux is an open problem because QNMs diverge with an increasing distance to…

We give insight into the critical problem of an open resonator that is subject to a perturbation outside of its cavity region. We utilize the framework of quasinormal modes (QNMs), which are the natural mode solutions to the open boundary…

A fundamental feature of the quasi-normal modes (QNMs), which describe light interaction with open (leaky) systems like nanoparticles, lies in the question of the completeness of the QNMs representation and in the divergence of their field…

Open phononic systems including resonators radiating inside an unbounded medium support localized phonons characterized by a complex frequency. In this context, the concept of elastic quasinormal mode (QNM) arises naturally, as in the cases…

Resonances, also known as quasi normal modes (QNM) in the non-Hermitian case, play an ubiquitous role in all domains of physics ruled by wave phenomena, notably in continuum mechanics, acoustics, electrodynamics, and quantum theory. In this…

The scattering of electromagnetic waves by resonant systems is determined by the excitation of quasinormal modes (QNMs), i.e., the eigenmodes of the system. This Review addresses three fundamental concepts in relation with the…

Micro- and nanoresonators, which enable light trapping in small volumes for extended durations, play a crucial role in modern photonics. The optical response of these resonators is determined by their fundamental resonances, known as…

The existence of quasinormal modes (QNMs) for waves propagating on pure de Sitter space has been called into question in several works. We definitively prove the existence of quasinormal modes for massless and massive scalar fields in all…

In the presence of arbitrary three-dimensional linear media with material loss and amplification, we present an electromagnetic field quantization scheme for quasinormal modes (QNMs), extending previous work for lossy media [Franke et al.,…

We elucidate that a distinctive resonant excitation between quasinormal modes (QNMs) of black holes emerges as a universal phenomenon at an avoided crossing near the exceptional point through high-precision numerical analysis and theory of…

A time-dependent theory for the interactions between spatially separated lossy cavities in a homogeneous background medium using quantized quasinormal modes (QNMs) is presented. The cavities interact via a bath of traveling photons,…

We employ a recently developed quantization scheme for quasinormal modes (QNMs) to study a nonperturbative open cavity-QED system consisting of a hybrid metal-dielectric resonator coupled to a quantum emitter. This hybrid cavity system…

An open system is not conservative because energy can escape to the outside. An open system by itself is thus not conservative. As a result, the time-evolution operator is not hermitian in the usual sense and the eigenfunctions (factorized…

Full-wave numerical methods based on quasinormal modes (QNMs) offer valuable physical insights and computational efficiency for analyzing electromagnetic resonators. However, despite their advantages, many researchers in electromagnetism…

In this work, we investigate the gravitational quasinormal modes (QNMs) and the gravitational resonances of a thick brane model. We use the asymptotic iteration and shooting methods to obtain the quasinormal frequencies (QNFs) of the brane.…

Resonances in the form of quasi-normal modes (QNMs) for open scattering systems can be generally identified in the far field through peaks of scattering spectra (\textit{e.g.} cross sections of scattering, extinction and absorption).…