相关论文: Critical numerosity in collective behavior
Complex systems are usually non-stationary and their dynamics is often dominated by collective effects. Collectivity, defined as coherent motion of the whole system or of some of its parts, manifests itself in the time-dependent structures…
Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld developed their theory of self-organized criticality in the late 1980s to explain why many real-life processes exhibit signs of critical behavior despite the absence of a tuning parameter. A decade later, Dickman,…
An algorithm to characterize collective motion is presented, with the introduction of ``collective Lyapunov exponent'', as the orbital instability at a macroscopic level. By applying the algorithm to a globally coupled map, existence of…
It has been postulated that the brain operates in a self-organized critical state that brings multiple benefits, such as optimal sensitivity to input. Thus far, self-organized criticality has typically been depicted as a one-dimensional…
We study spatial anisotropy effects on the bulk and finite-size critical behavior of the O$(n)$ symmetric anisotropic $\phi^4$ lattice model with periodic boundary conditions in a $d$-dimensional hypercubic geometry above, at and below…
Human populations exhibit complex behaviors---characterized by long-range correlations and surges in activity---across a range of social, political, and technological contexts. Yet it remains unclear where these collective behaviors come…
Consider n individuals who, by popular vote, choose among q >= 2 alternatives, one of which is "better" than the others. Assume that each individual votes independently at random, and that the probability of voting for the better…
A central quantity of importance for ultracold atoms is contact, which measures two-body correlations at short distances in dilute systems. It appears in universal relations among thermodynamic quantities, such as large momentum tails,…
Terms such as leader, mediator, and follower sound equal in the description of a pack of wolves, a street protest crowd, or a business team and have very similar meanings. This indicates the presence of some general law or structure that…
Understanding pedestrian dynamics is critical for mitigating crowd-related risks and improving public safety. In this work, we propose a data-driven mesoscopic modeling framework that combines the kinetic theory of active particles with…
We study the critical behavior of the random q-state Potts quantum chain by density matrix renormalization techniques. Critical exponents are calculated by scaling analysis of finite lattice data of short chains ($L \leq 16$) averaging over…
We examine the non-Markovian nature of human mobility by exposing the inability of Markov models to capture criticality in human mobility. In particular, the assumed Markovian nature of mobility was used to establish a theoretical upper…
When people prefer to coordinate their behaviors with their friends -- e.g., choosing whether to adopt a new technology, to protest against a government, to attend university -- divisions within a social network can sustain different…
Observations of power laws in neural activity data have raised the intriguing notion that brains may operate in a critical state. One example of this critical state is "avalanche criticality," which has been observed in various systems,…
We introduce the following discrete time model. Each natural number represents an ecological niche and is assigned a fitness in $(0,1)$. All the sites are updated simultaneously at every discrete time. At any given time the environment may…
The phenomena of synchronization and nontrivial collective behavior are studied in a model of coupled chaotic maps with random global coupling. The mean field of the system is coupled to a fraction of elements randomly chosen at any given…
We present a strategy capable of describing basic features of the dynamics of crowds. The behaviour of the crowd is considered from a twofold perspective. We examine both the large scale behaviour of the crowd, and phenomena happening at…
Community assembly is studied using individual-based multispecies models. The models have stochastic population dynamics with mutation, migration, and extinction of species. Mutants appear as a result of mutation of the resident species,…
Social insects are ecologically and evolutionarily most successful organisms on earth, which can achieve robust collective behaviors through local interactions among group members. Colony migration has been considered as a leading example…
In this paper, we introduce a family of processes with values on the nonnegative integers that describes the dynamics of populations where individuals are allowed to have different types of interactions. The types of interactions that we…