相关论文: Sum-Based Scoring for Dichotomous and Likert-scale…

We define and study a numerical-range analogue of the notion of spectral set. Among the results obtained are a positivity criterion and a dilation theorem, analogous to those already known for spectral sets. An important difference from the…

We exhibit large values of the Dedekind zeta function of a cyclotomic field on the critical line. This implies a dichotomy whereby one either has improved lower bounds for the maximum of the Riemann zeta function, or large values of…

This paper describes a linear-time algorithm that finds the longest stretch in a sequence of real numbers (``scores'') in which the sum exceeds an input parameter. The algorithm also solves the problem of finding the longest interval in…

Item (question) difficulties play a crucial role in educational assessments, enabling accurate and efficient assessment of student abilities and personalization to maximize learning outcomes. Traditionally, estimating item difficulties can…

In this article, I derive a new approach to estimate the number of non-trivial zeros of a given Dedekind zeta function with absolute height at most $T\geq1$ counted with multiplicity. The error term in corresponding asymptotic formula…

We propose a general approach to construct weighted likelihood estimating equations with the aim of obtain robust estimates. The weight, attached to each score contribution, is evaluated by comparing the statistical data depth at the model…

Worked examples are step-by-step solutions to problems in a specific domain, offered to students to acquire domain-specific problem-solving skills. The effectiveness of worked examples could be enhanced by combining them with…

The evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs is increasingly performed by other LLMs, a setup commonly known as "LLM-as-a-judge", or autograders. While autograders offer a scalable alternative to human evaluation, they have shown…

We consider the problem of choosing Euclidean points to maximize the sum of their weighted pairwise distances, when each point is constrained to a ball centered at the origin. We derive a dual minimization problem and show strong duality…

Large language models (LLMs) are stochastic, and not all models give deterministic answers, even when setting temperature to zero with a fixed random seed. However, few benchmark studies attempt to quantify uncertainty, partly due to the…

Traditional evaluation metrics for textual and visual question answering, like ROUGE, METEOR, and Exact Match (EM), focus heavily on n-gram based lexical similarity, often missing the deeper semantic understanding needed for accurate…

A priori estimates for semilinear higher order elliptic equations usually have to deal with the absence of a maximum principle. This note presents some regularity estimates for the polyharmonic Dirichlet problem that will make a distinction…

Score reliability is necessary for establishing a validity argument for an instrument, and is therefore highly important to investigate. Depending on the proposed instrument use and score interpretations, differing degrees of precision in…

We propose a method for using the scoring values of passages to effectively retrieve documents in a Question Answering system. For this, we suggest evaluation function that considers proximity between each question terms in passage. And…

Many constructs that characterize language, like its complexity or emotionality, have a naturally continuous semantic structure; a public speech is not just "simple" or "complex," but exists on a continuum between extremes. Although large…

Let $k$ be a finite field extension of the function field $\bfF_p(T)$ and $\bar{k}$ its algebraic closure. We count points in projective space $\Bbb P ^{n-1}(\bar{k})$ with given height and of fixed degree $d$ over the field $k$. If…

The development of explanations for scientific phenomena is essential in science assessment, but scoring student-written explanations remains challenging and resource-intensive. Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in addressing…

Automated essay scoring (AES) involves predicting a score that reflects the writing quality of an essay. Most existing AES systems produce only a single overall score. However, users and L2 learners expect scores across different dimensions…

Creating test collections for offline retrieval evaluation requires human effort to judge documents' relevance. This expensive activity motivated much work in developing methods for constructing benchmarks with fewer assessment costs. In…

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test are commonly employed in one sample and two sample mean tests for one-dimensional hypothesis problems. For high-dimensional mean test problems, we calculate the asymptotic…