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A Normalizing Flow computes a bijective mapping from an arbitrary distribution to a predefined (e.g. normal) distribution. Such a flow can be used to address different tasks, e.g. anomaly detection, once such a mapping has been learned. In…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-07-23 Bodo Rosenhahn , Christoph Hirche

Normalizing Flows are a promising new class of algorithms for unsupervised learning based on maximum likelihood optimization with change of variables. They offer to learn a factorized component representation for complex nonlinear data and,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-02-17 Reuben Feinman , Nikhil Parthasarathy

As the use of artificial intelligence rapidly increases, the development of trustworthy artificial intelligence has become important. However, recent studies have shown that deep neural networks are susceptible to learn spurious…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Yooshin Cho , Hanbyel Cho , Janghyeon Lee , HyeongGwon Hong , Jaesung Ahn , Junmo Kim

Optical flow is a regression task where convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have led to major breakthroughs. However, this comes at major computational demands due to the use of cost-volumes and pyramidal representations. This was…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-02-16 Abdelrahman Eldesokey , Michael Felsberg

A normalizing flow models a complex probability density as an invertible transformation of a simple density. The invertibility means that we can evaluate densities and generate samples from a flow. In practice, autoregressive flow-based…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-06-06 Conor Durkan , Artur Bekasov , Iain Murray , George Papamakarios

Normalizing flows have emerged as a powerful brand of generative models, as they not only allow for efficient sampling of complicated target distributions but also deliver density estimation by construction. We propose here an in-depth…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-08-05 Andrea Coccaro , Marco Letizia , Humberto Reyes-Gonzalez , Riccardo Torre

The choice of approximate posterior distribution is one of the core problems in variational inference. Most applications of variational inference employ simple families of posterior approximations in order to allow for efficient inference,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2016-06-15 Danilo Jimenez Rezende , Shakir Mohamed

Covariance-based data processing is widespread across signal processing and machine learning applications due to its ability to model data interconnectivities and dependencies. However, harmful biases in the data may become encoded in the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Andrea Cavallo , Madeline Navarro , Santiago Segarra , Elvin Isufi

In a celebrated paper \cite{noe2019boltzmann}, No\'e, Olsson, K\"ohler and Wu introduced an efficient method for sampling high-dimensional Boltzmann distributions arising in molecular dynamics via normalizing flow approximation of transport…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Zia Ur Rehman , Gero Friesecke

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are a classical family of likelihood-based methods that have received revived attention. Recent efforts such as TARFlow have shown that NFs are capable of achieving promising performance on image modeling tasks,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Tianrong Chen , Jiatao Gu , David Berthelot , Joshua Susskind , Shuangfei Zhai

Normalizing flows are a class of deep generative models that are especially interesting for modeling probability distributions in physics, where the exact likelihood of flows allows reweighting to known target energy functions and computing…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-11-27 Leon Klein , Andreas Krämer , Frank Noé

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are emerging as a powerful class of generative models, as they not only allow for efficient sampling, but also deliver, by construction, density estimation. They are of great potential usage in High Energy Physics…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-03-01 Humberto Reyes-Gonzalez , Riccardo Torre

We present a novel, purely affinity-based natural image matting algorithm. Our method relies on carefully defined pixel-to-pixel connections that enable effective use of information available in the image. We control the information flow…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-04-15 Yağız Aksoy , Tunç Ozan Aydın , Marc Pollefeys

Recently normalizing flows (NFs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on modeling 3D point clouds while allowing sampling with arbitrary resolution at inference time. However, these flow-based models still require long training…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-12-01 Janis Postels , Mengya Liu , Riccardo Spezialetti , Luc Van Gool , Federico Tombari

Modern reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have found success by using powerful probabilistic models, such as transformers, energy-based models, and diffusion/flow-based models. To this end, RL researchers often choose to pay the price…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Raj Ghugare , Benjamin Eysenbach

Normalizing Flows are generative models which produce tractable distributions where both sampling and density evaluation can be efficient and exact. The goal of this survey article is to give a coherent and comprehensive review of the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-06-09 Ivan Kobyzev , Simon J. D. Prince , Marcus A. Brubaker

Variational inference relies on flexible approximate posterior distributions. Normalizing flows provide a general recipe to construct flexible variational posteriors. We introduce Sylvester normalizing flows, which can be seen as a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-02-21 Rianne van den Berg , Leonard Hasenclever , Jakub M. Tomczak , Max Welling

Normalizing Flows are generative models that directly maximize the likelihood. Previously, the design of normalizing flows was largely constrained by the need for analytical invertibility. We overcome this constraint by a training procedure…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-25 Felix Draxler , Peter Sorrenson , Lea Zimmermann , Armand Rousselot , Ullrich Köthe

Image restoration has seen great progress in the last years thanks to the advances in deep neural networks. Most of these existing techniques are trained using full supervision with suitable image pairs to tackle a specific degradation.…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-09-11 Leonhard Helminger , Michael Bernasconi , Abdelaziz Djelouah , Markus Gross , Christopher Schroers

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are likelihood-based models for continuous inputs. They have demonstrated promising results on both density estimation and generative modeling tasks, but have received relatively little attention in recent years. In…