相关论文: Faster and safer evacuations induced by closed ves…

Passenger trains represent a challenging environment in emergencies, with specific evacuation conditions resulting from the typical layout and interior design inherent to public transportation vehicles. This paper describes a dataset…

The evacuation of pedestrians from enclosed spaces represents a key problem in safety engineering and infrastructure design. Analyzing the collective dynamics that emerge during evacuation processes requires simulation tools capable of…

This paper examines different evacuation strategies for systems where several rooms evacuate trough the same means of egress, using microscopic pedestrian simulation.As a case study, a medium-rise office building is considered. It was found…

A simple model to handle the flow of people in emergency evacuation situations is considered: at every point x, the velocity U(x) that individuals at x would like to realize is given. Yet, the incompressibility constraint prevents this…

Understanding movement in heterogeneous groups is important for a meaningful evaluation of evacuation prediction and for a proper design of buildings. The understanding of interactions and influencing factors in heterogeneous groups on key…

Extensive research in pedestrian dynamics has primarily focused on crowded conditions and associated phenomena, such as lane formation, evacuation, etc. Several force-based models have been developed to predict the behavior in these…

In order to provide comfort in a low energy consumption building, it is preferable to use natural ventilation rather than HVAC systems. To achieve this, engineers need tools that predict the heat and mass transfers between the building's…

We study the motion of pedestrians through obscure corridors where the lack of visibility hides the precise position of the exits. Using a lattice model, we explore the effects of cooperation on the overall exit flux (evacuation rate). More…

Emergency department (ED) crowding has been an increasing problem worldwide. Prior research has identified factors that contribute to ED crowding. However, the relationships between these remain incompletely understood. This study's…

In an emergency situation, the evacuation of a large crowd from a complex building can become slow or even dangerous without a working evacuation plan. The use of rescue guides that lead the crowd out of the building can improve the…

For safety reasons, it is important that the design of buildings and public facilities comply with the guidelines compiled in building codes.The latter are often premised on the concept of exit capacity, \emph{i.e.}, the mean pedestrian…

A bioclimatic approach to designing comfortable buildings in hot and humid tropical regions requires, firstly, some preliminary, important work on the building envelope to limit the energy contributions, and secondly, an airflow…

To enhance the evacuation efficiency in partially observable asymmetric-exit evacuation under guidance, a general framework of the dynamic guiding assistant system is presented to investigate the effect of density control. In this…

In this chapter, we discuss the mathematical modeling of egressing pedestrians in an unknown environment with multiple exits. We investigate different control problems to enhance the evacuation time of a crowd of agents, by few informed…

In this paper, we present a computational modeling approach for the dynamics of human crowds, where the spreading of an emotion (specifically fear) has an influence on the pedestrians' behavior. Our approach is based on the methods of the…

We report on two series of experiments, conducted in the frame of two different collaborations designed to study how pedestrians adapt their trajectories and velocities in groups or crowds. Strong emphasis is put on the motivations for the…

Cell-based crowd evacuation systems provide adaptive or static exit-choice indications that favor a coordinated group dynamic, improving evacuation time and safety. While a great effort has been made to modeling its control logic by…

We study the emergence of fluid flow in a closed chamber that is driven by dynamical deformations of an elastic sheet. The sheet is compressed between the sidewalls of the chamber and partitions it into two separate parts, each of which is…

Understanding the collective dynamics of crowd movements during stressful emergency situations is central to reducing the risk of deadly crowd disasters. Yet, their systematic experimental study remains a challenging open problem due to…

Pushes, falls, stampedes, and crushes are safety hazards that emerge from the collective motion of crowds, but might be avoided by better design and guidance. While pedestrian dynamics are now getting better understood on the whole, complex…