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Classical approaches and procedures for testing of automated vehicles of SAE levels 1 and 2 were based on defined scenarios with specific maneuvers, depending on the function under test. For automated driving systems (ADS) of SAE level 3+,…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-05-24 Demin Nalic , Hexuan Li , Arno Eichberger , Christoph Wellershaus , Aleksa Pandurevic , Branko Rogic

As Autonomous Systems (AS) become more ubiquitous in society, more responsible for our safety and our interaction with them more frequent, it is essential that they are trustworthy. Assessing the trustworthiness of AS is a mandatory…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-05-12 Gregory Chance , Dhaminda B. Abeywickrama , Beckett LeClair , Owen Kerr , Kerstin Eder

Existing Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) independently make driving decisions, but they face two significant limitations. First, in complex scenarios, ADS may misinterpret the environment and make inappropriate driving decisions. Second,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-17 Ziwei Song , Mingsong Lv , Tianchi Ren , Chun Jason Xue , Jen-Ming Wu , Nan Guan

This study explores the complexities of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), examining the challenges introduced by AI components and the impact on testing procedures, focusing on some of the essential…

Testing and evaluation is an important step before the large-scale application of the autonomous driving systems (ADSs). Based on the three level of scenario abstraction theory, a testing can be performed within a logical scenario, followed…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Jianfeng Wu , Longgao Zhang , Tian Xia , Yong Shen

The advent of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) has marked a significant shift towards intelligent transportation, with implications for public safety and traffic efficiency. While these systems integrate a variety of technologies and offer…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Wenyuan Cheng , Zengyang Li , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Hui Liu

Connected vehicles are becoming commonplace. A constant connection between vehicles and a central server enables new features and services. This added connectivity raises the likelihood of exposure to attackers and risks unauthorized…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-05-08 Valentin Zieglmeier , Severin Kacianka , Thomas Hutzelmann , Alexander Pretschner

Data science is labor-intensive and human experts are scarce but heavily involved in every aspect of it. This makes data science time consuming and restricted to experts with the resulting quality heavily dependent on their experience and…

Search-based software testing (SBT) is an effective and efficient approach for testing automated driving systems (ADS). However, testing pipelines for ADS testing are particularly challenging as they involve integrating complex driving…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-11-03 Lev Sorokin , Tiziano Munaro , Damir Safin , Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao , Adam Molin

Autonomous systems have gained an important role in many industry domains and are beginning to change everyday life. However, due to dynamically emerging applications and often proprietary constraints, there is a lack of information about…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Katerina Goseva-Popstojanova , Denny Hood , Johann Schumann , Noble Nkwocha

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) are safety-critical and require rigorous testing before public deployment. Simulation-based scenario testing provides a safe and cost-effective alternative to extensive on-road trials, enabling efficient…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 Siyuan Chen , Fuyuan Zhang , Hua Qi , Lei Ma , Tomoyuki Tsuchiya , Michio Hayashi , Manabu Okada

Safety assurance of automated driving systems must consider uncertain environment perception. This paper reviews literature addressing how perception testing is realized as part of safety assurance. We focus on testing for verification and…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-02-28 Michael Hoss , Maike Scholtes , Lutz Eckstein

The rising popularity of self-driving cars has led to the emergence of a new research field in the recent years: Autonomous racing. Researchers are developing software and hardware for high performance race vehicles which aim to operate…

Owing to the merits of early safety and reliability guarantee, autonomous driving virtual testing has recently gains increasing attention compared with closed-loop testing in real scenarios. Although the availability and quality of…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-07-01 Pengliang Ji , Li Ruan , Yunzhi Xue , Limin Xiao , Qian Dong

The future of transportation is being shaped by technology, and one revolutionary step in improving road safety is the incorporation of robotic systems into driver monitoring infrastructure. This literature review explores the current…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-01-30 Farhin Farhad Riya , Shahinul Hoque , Xiaopeng Zhao , Jinyuan Stella Sun

Safety testing serves as the fundamental pillar for the development of autonomous driving systems (ADSs). To ensure the safety of ADSs, it is paramount to generate a diverse range of safety-critical test scenarios. While existing ADS…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-01-03 Haoxiang Tian , Xingshuo Han , Yuan Zhou , Guoquan Wu , An Guo , Mingfei Cheng , Shuo Li , Jun Wei , Tianwei Zhang

Safety analysis is used to identify hazards and build knowledge during the design phase of safety-relevant functions. This is especially true for complex AI-enabled and software intensive systems such as Autonomous Drive (AD).…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-03-20 Ali Nouri , Christian Berger , Fredrik Törner

The increasing use and implementation of Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASVs) for various activities in maritime environments is expected to drive a rise in developments and research on their control. Particularly, the coordination of multiple…

Simulation-based testing is a cornerstone of Autonomous Driving System (ADS) development, offering safe and scalable evaluation across diverse driving scenarios. However, discrepancies between simulated and real-world behavior, known as the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi , Mirena Flores Valdez , Andrea Stocco

For a successful market launch of automated vehicles (AVs), proof of their safety is essential. Due to the open parameter space, an infinite number of traffic situations can occur, which makes the proof of safety an unsolved problem. With…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2020-08-27 Thomas Ponn , Matthias Breitfuß , Xiao Yu , Frank Diermeyer