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This paper shows the simulation and test results of 50um thick Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) sensors designed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and fabricated by the Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of…

The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment to mitigate pile-up effects during the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) will…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) are based on a n++-p+-p-p++ structure where an appropriate doping of the multiplication layer (p+) leads to high enough electric fields for impact ionization. Gain factors of few tens in charge…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are silicon sensors with a built-in charge multiplication layer providing a gain of typically 10 to 50. Due to the combination of high signal-to-noise ratio and short rise time, thin LGADs provide good…

The performances of Low Gain Avalanche diode (LGAD) sensors from a neutron irradiation campaign with fluences of 0.8 x 10^15, 15 x 10^15 and 2.5 x 10^15 neq/cm2 are reported in this article. These LGAD sensors are developed by the Institute…

Low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) deliver excellent timing resolution, which can mitigate mis-assignment of vertices associated with pileup at the High Luminosity LHC and other future hadron colliders. The most highly irradiated LGADs…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2024-01-01 Josef Sorenson , Martin Hoeferkamp , Gregor Kramberger , Sally Seidel , Jiahe Si

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are silicon semiconductor sensors with an implanted thin p-doped multiplication layer that is designed to provide low gain. Most importantly, LGADs are specifically engineered to provide excellent…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2023-10-11 R. Moriya , R. Bates , M. Bullough , N. Cooke , A. Docheva , L. Lombigit , D. Maneuski , R. McFeely , N. Moffat

Motivated by the need for fast timing detectors to withstand up to 2 MGy of ionizing dose at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, prototype low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) have been fabricated in single pad configuration, 2x2…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2021-12-20 Martin Hoeferkamp , Alissa Howard , Gregor Kramberger , Sally Seidel , Josef Sorenson , Adam Yanez

For the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC at CERN, ATLAS is considering the addition of a High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) in front of the end cap and forward calorimeters at |z| = 3.5 m and covering the region 2.4 < |{\eta}| < 4 to…

The paper reports on the timing resolution achieved with Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), optimised for extreme-fluence conditions, at the DESY Test Beam Facility using 4~GeV/c electrons. The LGADs adopt an $n$-in-$p$ technology with a…

We study the radiation effects of the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and the Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) of Beijing Normal University in China. These new sensors have…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2021-07-07 Yuhang Tan , Tao Yang , Suyu Xiao , Kewei Wu , Lei Wang , Yaoqian Li , Zhenwei Liu , Zhijun Liang , Dejun Han , Xingan Zhang , Xin Shi

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are fast silicon sensors with internal charge multiplication and are key candidates for precision timing layers in future high-energy hadron colliders. Their operation in harsh radiation environments,…

The Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are promising particle detectors for timing resolution better than $50$ ps under a high radiation environment. This study investigates n-in-p LGAD architecture, focusing on ultra-thin sensors of…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2026-01-26 Jaideep Kalani , Saptarshi Datta , Ganesh J Tambve , Prabhakar Palni

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are key components for precise timing measurements in high-energy physics experiments, including the High Luminosity upgrades of the current LHC detectors. Their performance is, however, limited by…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2026-02-03 Veronika Kraus , Marcos Fernandez Garcia , Luca Menzio , Michael Moll

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors(LGADs) is one of the candidate sensing technologies for future 4D-tracking applications and recently have been qualified to be used in the ATLAS and CMS timing detectors for the CERN High Luminosity Large Hadron…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-04-06 Esteban Currás , Marcos Fernández , Michael Moll

Silicon-based fast time detectors have been widely used in high energy physics, nuclear physics, space exploration and other fields in recent years. However, silicon detectors often require complex low-temperature systems when operating in…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) for the High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) are crucial in reducing pileups in the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Numerous studies have been conducted on the bulk irradiation damage of LGADs.…

Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is applied for the High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD), and it will be used to upgrade the ATLAS experiment. The first batch IHEP-IME LGAD sensors were designed by the Institute of High Energy Physics…

Low Gain Avalanche Diodes, also known as LGADs, are widely considered for fast-timing applications in high energy physics, nuclear physics, space science, medical imaging, and precision measurements of rare processes. Such devices are…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are n-on-p silicon sensors with an extra p-layer below the collection electrode which provides signal amplification. When the primary electrons reach the amplification region new electron-hole pairs are…

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