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In this work we review and further develop the controversial concept of "classical entanglement" in optical beams. We present a unified theory for different kinds of light beams exhibiting classical entanglement and we indicate several…

Quantum effects and, in particular, entanglement are by now widely recognized in all areas of physics and related fields. However, we feel that the precise notion of entanglement---though mathematically well-defined---still generates…

Now that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy has been found within the traditional theory, its physical interpretation should hide in quantum field theory in curved spacetime (only its quantum corrections require a detailed knowledge of quantum…

There ought to exist a reformulation of quantum theory which does not depend on classical time. To achieve such a reformulation, we introduce the concept of an atom of space-time-matter (STM). An STM atom is a classical non-commutative…

This survey gives a comprehensive account of quantum correlations understood as a phenomenon stemming from the rules of quantization. Centered on quantum probability it describes the physical concepts related to correlations (both classical…

In this work, Bernoulli's Law of Large Numbers, also known as the Golden theorem, has been extended to study the relations between empirical probability and empirical randomness of an otherwise random experiment. Using the example of a coin…

The Holant theorem is a powerful tool for studying the computational complexity of counting problems in the Holant framework. Due to the great expressiveness of the Holant framework, a converse to the Holant theorem would itself be a very…

Quantum correlation includes quantum entanglement and quantum discord. Both entanglement and discord have a common necessary condition--------quantum coherence or quantum superposition. In this paper, we attempt to give an alternative…

Special relativity is no longer a new revolutionary theory but a firmly established cornerstone of modern physics. The teaching of special relativity, however, still follows its presentation as it unfolded historically, trying to convince…

We adapt the Goldstone theorem to study spontaneous symmetry breaking in relativistic theo- ries at finite charge density. It is customary to treat systems at finite density via non-relativistic Hamiltonians. Here we highlight the…

We relate Zeno's Dichotomy paradox with gravitational red-shift near event horizon in a spherically symmetric space-time. A dictionary of this connection, henceforth called as Zeno-Gravity correspondence, has been built up. The infinite…

A slight modification of one axiom of quantum theory changes a reversible theory into a time asymmetric theory. Whereas the standard Hilbert space axiom does not distinguish mathematically between the space of states (in-states of…

This expository and review paper deals with the Diamond Lemma for ring theory, which is proved in the first section of G. M. Bergman, The Diamond Lemma for Ring Theory, Advances in Mathematics, 29 (1978), pp. 178-218. No originality of the…

Like a silver thread, quantum entanglement [1] runs through the foundations and breakthrough applications of quantum information theory. It cannot arise from local operations and classical communication (LOCC) and therefore represents a…

The understanding of probability can be difficult for a few young scientists. Consequently, this new mathematical symbol, related to binomial coefficients and simplicial polytopic numbers, could be helpful to science education. Moreover,…

Fermi's golden rule which describes the transition rates between two electronic levels under external stimulations is used ubiquitously in different fields of physics. The original Fermi's golden rule was derived from perturbative…

There are many striking phenomena which are attributed to ``quantum coherence''. It is natural to wonder if there are new quantum coherence effects waiting to be discovered which could lead to interesting results and perhaps even practical…

Elaborating on a previous work by Marolf et al, we relate some exact results in quantum field theory and statistical mechanics to the Bekenstein universal bound on entropy. Specifically, we consider the relative entropy between the vacuum…

Many physicists, following Einstein, believe that the ultimate aim of theoretical physics is to find a unified theory of all interactions which would not depend on any free dimensionless constant, i.e., a dimensionless constant that is only…

The golden mean, Phi, has been applied in diverse situations in art, architecture and music, and although some have claimed that it represents a basic aesthetic proportion, others have argued that it is only one of a large number of such…