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This paper presents a methodology for allocating energy consumption to multiple users of shared data center machines, infrastructure, and software. Google uses this methodology to provide carbon reporting data for enterprise customers of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-06-17 Ian Schneider , Taylor Mattia

Carbon emissions significantly contribute to climate change, and carbon credits have emerged as a key tool for mitigating environmental damage and helping organizations manage their carbon footprint. Despite their growing importance across…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Qingwen Zeng , Hanlin Xu , Nanjun Xu , Zhenghao Zhao , Joakim Westerholm , Flora Salim , Junbin Gao , Huaming Chen

Given recent algorithm, software, and hardware innovation, computing has enabled a plethora of new applications. As computing becomes increasingly ubiquitous, however, so does its environmental impact. This paper brings the issue to the…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2020-11-06 Udit Gupta , Young Geun Kim , Sylvia Lee , Jordan Tse , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

The end of Dennard scaling and the slowing of Moore's Law has put the energy use of datacenters on an unsustainable path. Datacenters are already a significant fraction of worldwide electricity use, with application demand scaling at a…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-01-07 Thomas Anderson , Adam Belay , Mosharaf Chowdhury , Asaf Cidon , Irene Zhang

The ICT (Information Communication Technologies) ecosystem is estimated to be responsible, as of today, for 10% of the total worldwide energy demand - equivalent to the combined energy production of Germany and Japan. Cloud storage, mainly…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-06-27 Lorenzo Posani , Alessio Paccoia , Marco Moschettini

Data centers have become one of the major energy consumers, making their low-carbon operations critical to achieving global carbon neutrality. Although distributed data centers have the potential to reduce costs and emissions through…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-12-31 Rui Xie , Yue Chen , Xi Weng

Given the fact that climate change has become one of the most pressing problems in many countries in recent years, specialized research on how to mitigate climate change has been adopted by many countries. Within this discussion, the…

综合经济学 · 经济学 2024-12-24 Azizul Hakim Rafi , Abdullah Al Abrar Chowdhury , Adita Sultana , Abdulla All Noman

Mitigation of climate change will highly rely on a carbon emission trajectory that achieves carbon neutrality by the 2050s. The ocean plays a critical role in modulating climate change by sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere. Relying on the…

Building on the carbon reduction targets agreed in the Paris Agreements, many nations have renewed their efforts toward achieving carbon neutrality by the year 2050. In line with this ambitious goal, nations are seeking to understand the…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-05-10 Dinh Hoa Nguyen , Andrew Chapman , Takeshi Tsuji

Data centers are significant contributors to carbon emissions and can strain power systems due to their high electricity consumption. To mitigate this impact and to participate in demand response programs, cloud computing companies strive…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-10-29 Sophie Hall , Francesco Micheli , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Ana Radovanović , Florian Dörfler

The retirement of unabated coal power plants, the plummeting cost of renewable energy technologies, along with more aggressive public policies and regulatory reforms, are occurring at an unprecedented speed to decarbonize the power and…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-10-19 Jian Shi , Dan Wang , Chenye Wu , Zhu Han

The exploding power consumption of AI and cloud datacenters (DCs) intensifies the long-standing concerns about their carbon footprint, especially because DCs' need for constant power clashes with volatile renewable generation needed for…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Liuzixuan Lin , Andrew A. Chien

The dual-carbon goals of China necessitate precise accounting of company carbon emissions, vital for green development across all industries. Not only the company itself but also financial investors require accurate and comprehensive…

This integrated assessment modeling research analyzes what Korea's 2050 carbon neutrality would require for the national energy system and the role of the power sector concerning the availability of critical mitigation technologies. Our…

综合经济学 · 经济学 2021-11-03 Hanwoong Kim , Haewon McJeon , Dawoon Jung , Hanju Lee , Candelaria Bergero , Jiyong Eom

The steady growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated in the recent years, facilitated by the development of sophisticated models such as large language models and foundation models. Ensuring robust and reliable power…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Andrea Marinoni , Sai Shivareddy , Pietro Lio' , Weisi Lin , Erik Cambria , Clare Grey

To reduce their environmental impact, cloud datacenters' are increasingly focused on optimizing applications' carbon-efficiency, or work done per mass of carbon emitted. To facilitate such optimizations, we present Carbon Containers, a…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2023-09-27 John Thiede , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

Current proposals for AI regulation, in the EU and beyond, aim to spur AI that is trustworthy (e.g., AI Act) and accountable (e.g., AI Liability) What is missing, however, is a robust regulatory discourse and roadmap to make AI, and…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-03-07 Philipp Hacker

The rapid increase in computing demand and its corresponding energy consumption have focused attention on computing's impact on the climate and sustainability. Prior work proposes metrics that quantify computing's carbon footprint across…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Noman Bashir , Varun Gohil , Anagha Belavadi , Mohammad Shahrad , David Irwin , Elsa Olivetti , Christina Delimitrou

The proliferation of software and AI comes with a hidden risk: its growing energy and carbon footprint. As concerns regarding environmental sustainability come to the forefront, understanding and optimizing how software impacts the…

The ICT industry today is placed as one of the major consumers of energy, where recent reports have also shown that the industry is a major contributor to global carbon emissions. While renewable energy-aware data centers have been…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2014-12-22 Julien Mineraud , Liang Wang , Sasitharan Balasubramaniam , Jussi Kangasharju