相关论文: Comparison of group-theoretical strategies for uni…

The Standard Model of particle physics may seem complicated and arbitrary, but it has hidden patterns that are revealed by the relationship between three "grand unified theories": theories that unify forces and particles by extending the…

We investigate models where gauge unification (GUT) proceeds in steps that include Pati-Salam symmetry. Beyond the Standard Model, we allow for a well-defined set of small representations of the GUT gauge group. We show that all possible…

Grand unification of gauge couplings and fermionic representations remains an appealing proposal to explain the seemingly coincidental structure of the Standard Model. However, to realise the Standard Model at low energies, the unified…

We discuss a minimal renormalizable Pati-Salam theory based on the $SU(4)_{\rm C}\,\times\,SU(2)_{\rm L}\,\times\,SU(2)_{\rm R}$ gauge group, with unification scale Higgs multiplets taken as $SU(2)_{\rm L}$ and $SU(2)_{\rm R}$ doublets,…

The physical models of a successful unified theory about the Universe must operate in different phase of matter evolution and different fields of physics. The attempts to build such wide range theory as a bunch of theories developed for…

We present a unification model based on the well-known but mysterious cubic-structure grouping of quarks and leptons that suggests an underlying symmetry connection deemed explainable by a unified theory. It results in an extension of the…

We propose a framework, where the hierarchy between the unification and the Fermi scale emerges radiatively. This work tackles the long-standing question about the connection between the low Fermi scale and a more fundamental scale of…

This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, a concise reformulation is derived for that part of the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam (GWS) electroweak interaction Hamiltonian, which describes interactions between leptons (in the first…

We live in a 3+1 space-time that is intended as a description of the universe with three space dimensions and one time dimension. Space-time dimensionality seems so natural that it is rarely criticized. Experiments and the highly successful…

This work considers the remarkable suggestion that the three families of quarks and leptons may be unified, together with the Higgs and gauge fields of the Standard Model (SM), into a single "particle", namely the $\textbf{248}$ vector…

If dark matter (DM) interacts with the Standard Model (SM) via the $U(1)_D$ kinetic mixing (KM) portal at low energies, it necessitates not only the existence of portal matter (PM) particles which carry both dark and SM quantum numbers, but…

Unified field theories act to merge the internal symmetries of the standard model into a single group. Here we lay out something different. That is, instead of aiming to unify the internal symmetries, we demonstrate a sense in which the…

We review our progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations to describe the earliest stages of heavy-ion collisions. In our simulations we include nuclei with finite longitudinal extent and describe the collision process as well as the evolution of…

We analyze the neutrino mass spectrum and discuss the extra-dimensional interpretation of a three-site Pati-Salam model which i) unifies all families of quark and leptons, ii) provides a natural description of the Standard Model Yukawa…

If time has three dimensions, how does a particle move? This paper demonstrates that quantum physics naturally emerges from a framework of three-dimensional time. We present the equations governing the motion of 0-spin, 1-spin, and 1/2-spin…

If right-handed neutrinos are {\em not} singlets under the electroweak gauge group as it was proposed in a recent model, they can acquire electroweak scale masses and are thus accessible experimentally in the near future. When this idea is…

Grand Unified Theories based on an E6 gauge group embed all Higgs- and matter fields within one 27 dimensional fundamental representation. In addition each 27 contains a right handed neutrino, an NMSSM-like standard model singlet and a pair…

We present a UV completion of the Standard Model in which quarks and leptons are unified under color SU(4). A single fermionic representation, the real antisymmetric, provides the building blocks to address the strong CP problem via the…

As a tribute to Abdus Salam, I recall the initiation in 1972-73 of the idea of grand unification based on the view that lepton number is the fourth color. Motivated by aesthetic demands, these attempts led to the suggestion that the…

According to Two-Time Physics, there is more to space-time than can be garnered with the ordinary formulation of physics. Two-Time Physics has shown that the Standard Model of Particles and Forces is successfully reproduced by a two-time…