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Spirtes, Glymour and Scheines [Causation, Prediction, and Search (1993) Springer] described a pointwise consistent estimator of the Markov equivalence class of any causal structure that can be represented by a directed acyclic graph for any…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2015-02-04 Peter Spirtes , Jiji Zhang

A fundamental question in causal inference is whether it is possible to reliably infer manipulation effects from observational data. There are a variety of senses of asymptotic reliability in the statistical literature, among which the most…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2012-12-12 Jiji Zhang , Peter L. Spirtes

The goal of Causal Discovery is to find automated search methods for learning causal structures from observational data. In some cases all variables of the interested causal mechanism are measured, and the task is to predict the effects one…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-01-11 Shuyan Wang

The estimator of a causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) with the PC algorithm is known to be consistent based on independent and identically distributed samples. In this paper, we consider the scenario when the multivariate samples are…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-11-07 Rahul Biswas , Somabha Mukherjee

This PhD thesis contains several contributions to the field of statistical causal modeling. Statistical causal models are statistical models embedded with causal assumptions that allow for the inference and reasoning about the behavior of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-10-05 Martin Emil Jakobsen

Most causal inference algorithms in the literature (e.g., Pearl (2000), Spirtes et al. (2000), Heckerman et al. (1999)) exploit an assumption usually referred to as the causal Faithfulness or Stability condition. In this paper, we highlight…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2012-07-02 Joseph Ramsey , Jiji Zhang , Peter L. Spirtes

We formalize constraint-based structure learning of the "true" causal graph from observed data when unobserved variables are also existent. We provide conditions for a "natural" family of constraint-based structure-learning algorithms that…

统计理论 · 数学 2022-05-10 Kayvan Sadeghi , Terry Soo

Many algorithms for inferring causality rely heavily on the faithfulness assumption. The main justification for imposing this assumption is that the set of unfaithful distributions has Lebesgue measure zero, since it can be seen as a…

统计理论 · 数学 2013-04-23 Caroline Uhler , Garvesh Raskutti , Peter Bühlmann , Bin Yu

Causal discovery methods based on the PC algorithm are proven to be sound if all structural assumptions are fulfilled and all conditional independence tests are correct. This idealized setting is rarely given in real data. In this work, we…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-03-19 Sofia Faltenbacher , Jonas Wahl , Rebecca Herman , Jakob Runge

Observational causal discovery is only identifiable up to the Markov equivalence class. While interventions can reduce this ambiguity, in practice interventions are often soft with multiple unknown targets. In many realistic scenarios, only…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-03-05 Mingxuan Zhang , Khushi Desai , Sopho Kevlishvili , Elham Azizi

Causal effect identification typically requires a fully specified causal graph, which can be difficult to obtain in practice. We provide a sufficient criterion for identifying causal effects from a candidate set of Markov equivalence…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-06-19 Kai Z. Teh , Kayvan Sadeghi , Terry Soo

Many of the causal discovery methods rely on the faithfulness assumption to guarantee asymptotic correctness. However, the assumption can be approximately violated in many ways, leading to sub-optimal solutions. Although there is a line of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-19 Ignavier Ng , Yujia Zheng , Jiji Zhang , Kun Zhang

Causal effect estimation from observational data is an important and much studied research topic. The instrumental variable (IV) and local causal discovery (LCD) patterns are canonical examples of settings where a closed-form expression…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-09-19 Ioan Gabriel Bucur , Tom Claassen , Tom Heskes

This paper discusses algorithms for learning causal DAGs. The PC algorithm makes no assumptions other than the faithfulness to the causal model and can identify only up to the Markov equivalence class. LiNGAM assumes linearity and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Ming Cai , Penggang Gao , Hisayuki Hara

Causal DAGs (also known as Bayesian networks) are a popular tool for encoding conditional dependencies between random variables. In a causal DAG, the random variables are modeled as vertices in the DAG, and it is stipulated that every…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2024-07-04 Vidya Sagar Sharma

Recursive linear structural equation models are widely used to postulate causal mechanisms underlying observational data. In these models, each variable equals a linear combination of a subset of the remaining variables plus an error term.…

统计理论 · 数学 2022-03-21 F. Richard Guo , Emilija Perković

Algorithms for constraint-based causal discovery select graphical causal models among a space of possible candidates (e.g., all directed acyclic graphs) by executing a sequence of conditional independence tests. These may be used to inform…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-09-19 Ting-Hsuan Chang , Zijian Guo , Daniel Malinsky

Recursive linear structural equation models and the associated directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) play an important role in causal discovery. The classic identifiability result for this class of models states that when only observational data…

统计理论 · 数学 2023-08-21 Jun Wu , Mathias Drton

Inferring the effect of interventions within complex systems is a fundamental problem of statistics. A widely studied approach employs structural causal models that postulate noisy functional relations among a set of interacting variables.…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-02-14 David Strieder , Mathias Drton

Methods for inferring average causal effects have traditionally relied on two key assumptions: (i) the intervention received by one unit cannot causally influence the outcome of another; and (ii) units can be organized into non-overlapping…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2019-08-23 Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen , Isabel Fulcher , Ilya Shpitser
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