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As process technology scales down to smaller dimensions, DRAM chips become more vulnerable to disturbance, a phenomenon in which different DRAM cells interfere with each other's operation. For the first time in academic literature, our ISCA…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2016-03-03 Yoongu Kim , Ross Daly , Jeremie Kim , Chris Fallin , Ji Hye Lee , Donghyuk Lee , Chris Wilkerson , Konrad Lai , Onur Mutlu

Rowhammer has drawn much attention from both academia and industry in the past years as rowhammer exploitation poses severe consequences to system security. Since the first comprehensive study of rowhammer in 2014, a number of rowhammer…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-02 Zhi Zhang , Decheng Chen , Jiahao Qi , Yueqiang Cheng , Shijie Jiang , Yiyang Lin , Yansong Gao , Surya Nepal , Yi Zou , Jiliang Zhang , Yang Xiang

This dissertation rigorously characterizes many modern commodity DRAM devices and shows that by exploiting DRAM access timing margins within manufacturer-recommended DRAM timing specifications, we can significantly improve system…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2021-09-30 Jeremie S. Kim

Rowhammer is a security vulnerability that allows unauthorized attackers to induce errors within DRAM cells. To prevent fault injections from escalating to successful attacks, a widely accepted mitigation is implementing fault checks on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-12 Kemal Derya , M. Caner Tol , Berk Sunar

With deep learning deployed in many security-sensitive areas, machine learning security is becoming progressively important. Recent studies demonstrate attackers can exploit system-level techniques exploiting the RowHammer vulnerability of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-11 Ranyang Zhou , Sabbir Ahmed , Adnan Siraj Rakin , Shaahin Angizi

Security of machine learning is increasingly becoming a major concern due to the ubiquitous deployment of deep learning in many security-sensitive domains. Many prior studies have shown external attacks such as adversarial examples that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-04-01 Fan Yao , Adnan Siraj Rakin , Deliang Fan

Inter-VM RowHammer is an attack that induces a bitflip beyond the boundaries of virtual machines (VMs) to compromise a VM from another, and some software-based techniques have been proposed to mitigate this attack. Evaluating these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Hidemasa Kawasaki , Soramichi Akiyama

This paper provides the fundamental mechanisms of two types of row activation-induced bit flips and proposes in-DRAM protection techniques. RowBleed occurs when a victim row experiences charge leakage due to transistor's threshold voltage…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Seungki Hong , Dongha Kim , Jaehyung Lee , Reum Oh , Changsik Yoo , Sangjoon Hwang , Jooyoung Lee

RowHammer is a major read disturbance mechanism in DRAM where repeatedly accessing (hammering) a row of DRAM cells (DRAM row) induces bitflips in physically nearby DRAM rows (victim rows). To ensure robust DRAM operation, state-of-the-art…

The RowHammer vulnerability in DRAM is a critical threat to system security. To protect against RowHammer, vendors commit to security-through-obscurity: modern DRAM chips rely on undocumented, proprietary, on-die mitigations, commonly known…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-10-25 Hasan Hassan , Yahya Can Tugrul , Jeremie S. Kim , Victor van der Veen , Kaveh Razavi , Onur Mutlu

Rowhammer is a serious security problem of contemporary dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) where reads or writes of bits can flip other bits. DRAM manufacturers add mitigations, but don't disclose details, making it difficult for customers…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-12-01 Amir Naseredini , Martin Berger , Matteo Sammartino , Shale Xiong

The security vulnerabilities due to Rowhammer have worsened over the last decade, with existing in-DRAM solutions, such as TRR, getting broken with simple patterns. In response, the DDR5 specifications have been extended to support Per-Row…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-16 Moinuddin Qureshi , Salman Qazi

Recent advancements in side-channel attacks have revealed the vulnerability of modern Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to malicious adversarial weight attacks. The well-studied RowHammer attack has effectively compromised DNN performance by…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-12-04 Ranyang Zhou , Jacqueline T. Liu , Sabbir Ahmed , Shaahin Angizi , Adnan Siraj Rakin

State-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proven to be vulnerable to adversarial manipulation and backdoor attacks. Backdoored models deviate from expected behavior on inputs with predefined triggers while retaining performance…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-17 M. Caner Tol , Saad Islam , Andrew J. Adiletta , Berk Sunar , Ziming Zhang

The rowhammer bug allows an attacker to gain privilege escalation or steal private data. A key requirement of all existing rowhammer attacks is that an attacker must have access to at least part of an exploitable hammer row. We refer to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-07-31 Zhi Zhang , Yueqiang Cheng , Dongxi Liu , Surya Nepal , Zhi Wang

The Rowhammer vulnerability poses an increasing challenge with newer generations of DRAM and aggressive technology scaling. Existing mitigation techniques, such as Graphene, Twice, and Hydra, primarily rely on tracking activation counts for…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Lavi Jain , Venkata Kalyan Tavva

Rowhammer is a read disturbance vulnerability in modern DRAM that causes bit-flips, compromising security and reliability. While extensively studied on Intel and AMD CPUs with DDR and LPDDR memories, its impact on GPUs using GDDR memories,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Chris S. Lin , Joyce Qu , Gururaj Saileshwar

RowHammer (RH) is a significant and worsening security, safety, and reliability issue of modern DRAM chips that can be exploited to break memory isolation. Therefore, it is important to understand real DRAM chips' RH characteristics.…

Microarchitectural vulnerabilities increasingly undermine the assumption that hardware can be treated as a reliable root of trust. Prevention mechanisms often lag behind evolving attack techniques, leaving deployed systems unable to assume…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Martin Herrmann , Oussama Draissi , Christian Niesler , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Lucas Davi

A decade after its academic introduction, RowHammer (RH) remains a moving target that continues to challenge both the industry and academia. With its potential to serve as a critical attack vector, the ever-decreasing RH threshold now…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Michael Jaemin Kim , Seungmin Baek , Jumin Kim , Hwayong Nam , Nam Sung Kim , Jung Ho Ahn