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Approximate circuits often achieve exceptional trade-offs between computational accuracy and hardware efficiency, making them attractive for deployment as reusable Intellectual Property (IP) cores. However, safeguarding such circuits…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Lukas Sekanina , Vojtech Mrazek

The success of quantum circuits in providing reliable outcomes for a given problem depends on the gate count and depth in near-term noisy quantum computers. Quantum circuit compilers that decompose high-level gates to native gates of the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-06-30 Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Split manufacturing (SM) and layout camouflaging (LC) are two promising techniques to obscure integrated circuits (ICs) from malicious entities during and after manufacturing. While both techniques enable protecting the intellectual…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-08-13 Satwik Patnaik , Mohammed Ashraf , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Johann Knechtel

Universal Circuits (UCs) offer a promising approach to hardware Intellectual Property (IP) obfuscation, leveraging cryptographic principles to hide both structure and function in a programmable logic fabric. Their adaptability makes them…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Zain Ul Abideen , Deepali Garg , Lawrence Pileggi , Samuel Pagliarini

The increasing cost of integrated circuit (IC) fabrication has driven most companies to "go fabless" over time. The corresponding outsourcing trend gave rise to various attack vectors, e.g., illegal overproduction of ICs, piracy of the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-02-26 Johann Knechtel , Satwik Patnaik , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Integrated circuits (ICs) are essential to modern electronic systems, yet they face significant risks from physical reverse engineering (RE) attacks that compromise intellectual property (IP) and overall system security. While IC camouflage…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-13 Junling Fan , David Koblah , Domenic Forte

In order to protect intellectual property against untrusted foundry, many logic-locking schemes have been developed. The main idea of logic locking is to insert a key-controlled block into a circuit to make the circuit function incorrectly…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2022-11-04 Jingbo Zhou , Xinmiao Zhang

Semiconductor intellectual property (IP) theft incurs hundreds of billions in annual losses, driven by advanced reverse engineering (RE) techniques. Traditional ``cryptic'' IC camouflaging methods typically focus on hiding localized gate…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-30 Junling Fan , David Koblah , Domenic Forte

Quantum compilers play a crucial role in quantum computing by converting these algorithmic quantum circuits into forms compatible with specific quantum computer hardware. However, untrusted quantum compilers present considerable risks,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-08-19 Anees Rehman , Vincent Langford , Yuntao Liu

Protecting source code against reverse engineering and theft is an important problem. The goal is to carry out computations using confidential algorithms on an untrusted party while ensuring confidentiality of algorithms. This problem has…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2016-12-13 Johannes Schneider , Thomas Locher

Security is an important facet of integrated circuit design for many applications. IP privacy and Trojan insertion are growing threats as circuit fabrication in advanced nodes almost inevitably relies on untrusted foundries. A proposed…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-05-21 Joseph Sweeney , Samuel Pagliarini , Lawrence Pileggi

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to achieve computational advantages over classical hardware, but the use of third-party quantum compilers in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era introduces risks of intellectual…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-05-21 Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

Intellectual property (IP) piracy has become a non-negligible problem as the integrated circuit (IC) production supply chain is becoming increasingly globalized and separated that enables attacks by potentially untrusted attackers. Logic…

Numerous security threats are emerging from untrusted players in the integrated circuit (IC) ecosystem. Among them, reverse engineering practices with the intent to counterfeit, overproduce, or modify an IC are worrying. In recent years,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-06-27 Giorgi Basiashvili , Zain Ul Abideen , Samuel Pagliarini

While various obfuscation methods exist in the digital domain, techniques for protecting Intellectual Property (IP) in the analog domain are mostly overlooked. Understandably, analog components have a small footprint as most of the surface…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-09-07 Muayad J. Aljafar , Florence Azais , Marie-Lise Flottes , Samuel Pagliarini

Semiconductor intellectual property (IP) theft incurs estimated annual losses ranging from $225 billion to $600 billion. Despite initiatives like the CHIPS Act, many semiconductor designs remain vulnerable to reverse engineering (RE). IP…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Junling Fan , George Rushevich , Giorgio Rusconi , Mengdi Zhu , Reiner Dizon-Paradis , Domenic Forte

Obfuscation stands as a promising solution for safeguarding hardware intellectual property (IP) against a spectrum of threats including reverse engineering, IP piracy, and tampering. In this paper, we introduce Obfus-chat, a novel framework…

Intellectual Property (IP) theft is a serious concern for the integrated circuit (IC) industry. To address this concern, logic locking countermeasure transforms a logic circuit to a different one to obfuscate its inner details. The…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-02-18 Qinhan Tan , Seetal Potluri , Aydin Aysu

Intellectual Property (IP) infringement including piracy and over production have emerged as significant threats in the semiconductor supply chain. Key based obfuscation techniques (i.e., logic locking) are widely applied to secure legacy…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-01-07 Sheikh Ariful Islam , Love Kumar Sah , Srinivas Katkoori

Modern circuits face various threats like reverse engineering, theft of intellectual property (IP), side-channel attacks, etc. Here, we present a novel approach for IP protection based on logic encryption (LE). Unlike established schemes…

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