相关论文: Improving competitive evacuations with a vestibule…

Improving emergency evacuations is a top priority in human safety and in pedestrian dynamics. In this paper, we use the social force model, in order to optimize high-anxiety pedestrian evacuations. We explore two architectural layouts, the…

Current regulations demand that at least two exits should be available for a safe evacuation during a panic situation. Although the "faster is slower" effect is expected to take place near the exits, the evacuation time will improve because…

In this paper, two important factors which affect the pedestrian outflow at a bottleneck significantly are studied in detail to analyze the effect of an obstacle set up in front of an exit. One is a conflict at an exit when pedestrians…

Recent advances in bottleneck studies have highlighted that different architectural adjustments at the exit may reduce the probability of clogging at the exit thereby enhancing the outflow of the individuals. However, those studies are…

The existence of bottlenecks often leads to the stagnation of pedestrian gatherings, which seriously affects the efficiency of traffic and reduces the flow of pedestrians. Some studies have shown that setting devices in front of bottlenecks…

We study the dynamics of pedestrian evacuations through a narrow doorway by means of controlled experiments. The influence of the pedestrians' behaviours is investigated by prescribing a selfish attitude to a fraction c\_s of the…

We studied the room evacuation problem within the context of the Social Force Model. We focused on a system of 225 pedestrians escaping from a room in different anxiety levels, and analyzed the clogging delays as the relevant magnitude…

The aim of this paper is to show the influence of the atmospheric boundary layer profile on the distribution of velocity in a building having two large openings. The knowledge of the flow form inside a building is useful to define a thermal…

Evacuation assistants and their guiding strategies play an important role in the multi-exits pedestrian evacuation. To investigate the effect of guiding strategies on evacuation efficiency, we propose a force-driven cellular automaton model…

In this paper, we study the ventilation airflow in a model classroom, where exhaust fans throw out the used air, to replace it with outdoor air through open door. Hybrid ventilation, or mechanically assisted natural ventilation, of this…

We study the influence of selfish vs. polite behaviours on the dynamics of a pedestrian evacuation through a narrow exit. To this end, experiments involving about 80 participants with distinct prescribed behaviours are performed;…

The stairwell is the main path for emergency evacuation of people in super high-rise buildings, so revealing the movement characteristics in the stairwell based on experimental data is the basis for controlling the evacuation process of…

It is shown in this work that the average individual egress time and other performance indicators for egress of people from a building can be improved under certain circumstances if counterflow occurs. The circumstances include widely…

Dense granular flows through constrictions, as well as competitive pedestrian evacuations, are hindered by a propensity to form clogs. We usesimulations of model pedestrians and experiments with granular disks to explore an original…

In this work we present a model for the evacuation of pedestrians from an enclosure considering a continuous space substrate and discrete time. We analyze the influence of behavioral features that affect the use of the empty space, that can…

In this paper, we present results of an entrance experiment investigating the effect of the corridor width in front of a bottleneck on the density. The idea is based on a previous study suggesting that a guiding system in front of an…

The "faster is slower" effect raises when crowded people push each other to escape through an exit during an emergency situation. As individuals push harder, a statistical slowing down in the evacuation time can be achieved. The slowing…

We analyze the dynamics of room evacuation for mixed populations that include both competitive and cooperative individuals through numerical simulations using the social force model. Cooperative agents represent well-trained individuals who…

Exit paths in buildings are designed to minimise evacuation time when the building is at full capacity. We present an evacuation support system which does this regardless of the number of evacuees. The core concept is to even-out congestion…

A modified lattice gas model is proposed to study pedestrian evacuation from a single room. The payoff matrix in this model represents the complicated interactions between selfish individuals, and the mean force imposed on an individual is…